Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 3 2018 06 14 200 206 EN Bita Bahrami Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behrooz Dolatshahi Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Pourshahbaz Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parvaneh Mohammadkhani Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 06 18 Objective: Mothers have an important role in child- rearing, and maternal personality has theoretically been considered as the most influential factor determining the parenting style, because it is thought to affect parental behavior. However, the influence of personality on parenting styles has received surprisingly little attention. The aim of the present study was to compare personality components among mothers with authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Method: Using a multistage random cluster sampling method, we selected 8 kindergartens in Tehran. The sample consisted of 270 mothers with preschool children aged 4 to 6 who completed the NEO and Parental Authority Style Questionnaire. Results: Results revealed significant differences among the authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive styles in personality characteristics. There were significant differences between groups in extraversion (f(2,267) = 151.65, p≤0.0001 ), agreeableness (f(2,267)=215.23, p≤0.0001 ), conscientiousness (f(2,267)=336.016, p≤0.0001 ), neuroticism (f(2,267)=1151.1, p≤0.0001 ), and openness to experience (f(2,267)=110.8, p≤0.0001 ). Conclusion: This study revealed the significant role of personality in parenting style. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/1106 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/1106/704 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/1106/739