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<Articles JournalTitle="Iranian Journal of Psychiatry">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Iranian Journal of Psychiatry</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>1735-4587</Issn>
      <Volume>8</Volume>
      <Issue>4</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2013</Year>
        <Month>12</Month>
        <Day>15</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Evaluation of Sleep Problems in Preeclamptic, Healthy Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women</title>
    <FirstPage>168</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>71</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Habibolah</FirstName>
        <LastName>Khazaie</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Azadeh</FirstName>
        <LastName>Heidarpour</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Rojin</FirstName>
        <LastName>Nikray</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mansour</FirstName>
        <LastName>Rezaei</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Biostatistics, Social development and health promotion research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Azad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Maroufi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Psychiatry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Behzad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Moradi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mohammad Rasoul</FirstName>
        <LastName>Ghadami</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Shohreh</FirstName>
        <LastName>Malek-Khosravi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Masoud</FirstName>
        <LastName>Tahmasian</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran ; TUM-Neuroimaging center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit&#xE4;t M&#xFC;nchen, Munich, Germany</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2015</Year>
        <Month>10</Month>
        <Day>14</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Objective: Sleep problems are common complaints among pregnant&#xA0;women. This study was designed to compare subjective sleep&#xA0;problems in non-pregnancy condition, healthy and preeclamptic&#xA0;pregnancy as a major complication of pregnancy. We hypothesized&#xA0;that some sleep problems are more prevalent in females with&#xA0;preeclampsia.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 women with preeclampsia,&#xA0;106 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester and 103 healthy&#xA0;non-pregnant women were selected through random sampling. Age&#xA0;and parity were matched in the three groups. We used Global sleep&#xA0;assessment questionnaire (GSAQ) to check the subjective sleep
problems, and then we performed statistical analysis using Analysis of&#xA0;variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Chi-square tests.
Results: Our findings revealed significant differences in initial&#xA0;insomnia (p = 0.034), fragmented sleep (p = 0.022), snoring (p&lt;0.001),&#xA0;non-idiopathic insomnia (p = 0.045) and sadness and anxiety (p =&#xA0;0.001) between the three groups. Some sleep problems were more&#xA0;common in preeclampctic compared to healthy pregnant women&#xA0;including initial insomnia, fragmented sleep, snoring, sleep apnea and&#xA0;non-idiopathic insomnia. Moreover, the subjects with preeclampsia&#xA0;revealed more fragmented sleep, snoring, sadness and anxiety and&#xA0;lack of getting enough sleep due to other activities compared to nonpregnant women.
Conclusion: Different kinds of sleep problems can occur in subjects&#xA0;with preeclampsia in comparison with the non-pregnant and healthy&#xA0;pregnant subjects. Sleep problems should be evaluated during&#xA0;pregnancy, particularly in pregnant women with preeclampsia, and&#xA0;suitable treatment should be provided for any specific sleep problem.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/152</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/152/148</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
