Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 15 2 2020 03 27 112 125 Yasaman Shiasy Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shima Shakiba Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farhad Taremian Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Majid Akhavan Hejazi Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Specialist, Rofeideh Hospital, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Abasi Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019 03 05 Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effect of ABM (attention bias modification) with and without tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) on attention bias, pain intensity, and disability due to pain and pain-related psychological consequences, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Method: Using convenience sampling, 60 individuals who met the criteria for chronic low back pain (LBP) were selected and randomly assigned in to 2 experimental groups and 2 control and sham-tDCS groups. The experimental ABM group received 5 sessions of the dot-probe task, while the second experimental group received 5 sessions of dot-probe task combined with tDCS. Results: The findings indicated that ABM and ABM+tDCS could reduce attention bias and pain-related psychological consequences significantly, compared to the control and sham groups. Also, attention bias and pain outcomes (depression, anxiety, disability due to pain and pain intensity) remained in ABM+tDCS group than in ABM group in a 1-month follow-up. Conclusion: It was found that tDCS + ABM had no additional effects at the end of intervention, but led to more long-lasting effects in 1-month follow-up. Randomized clinical trial registry number: IRCT20171107037306N1. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/1703 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/1703/909