Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 16 1 2021 01 30 36 42 Seyed Mohamad Kazem Nourbakhsh Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Minoo Atamanesh Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Effatpanah Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mona Salehi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Morteza Heidari Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019 12 30 Objective: High prevalence of behavioral and psychological disorders in children with thalassemia can be associated with a decrease in the self-esteem of patients and can completely alter the person's self-concept. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral problems and its relationship with self-esteem and self-concept in patients with thalassemia major aged 6 to 18 years. Method: In a cross-sectional study, 30 patients with thalassemia major at the age of 6 to 18 years were enrolled. behavioral problems, self-esteem, and self-concept were evaluated by the child's behavioral check list at the ages of 6 to 18 years (CBCL 6-18), the Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Results: A total of 10.0% of patients had behavioral disorders, 3 (10.0%) desirable self-esteem, 15 (50.0%) moderate self-esteem, and 12 (40.0%) poor self-esteem. There was a strong but adverse correlation between behavioral disorder score and both self-esteem score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.886, p value = 0.001) and self-concept score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.498, p value = 0.001), and thus those patients with behavioral disorder had less appropriate self-esteem and self-concept. Conclusion: The incidence of behavioral disorders is associated with decreased self-esteem and poor self-concept in these patients. Therefore, improvement in behavioral disorders can be expected by improving self-esteem and self-concept in such patients. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/2003 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/2003/992