Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 16 3 2021 06 02 343 352 Mohammad Saeed Azami Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran. Farhad Taremian Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran AND Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2020 02 21 Objective: This study aimed at finding the risk and protective factors of cyberbullying. Method: A total of 425 high school students (199 boys and 226 girls) were selected using a cluster randomized procedure. The risk and protective factors included gender, internet use, self-esteem, dark triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy), school bullying perpetration, school bullying victimization, interparental conflict, and school climate. Results: The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that being male, school bullying perpetration, and school bullying victimization can significantly increase the chances of being a cyberbully-victim and spending one hour or less on the internet can significantly decrease the chances of being a cyberbully-victim. Conclusion: This study provides important implications for any prevention and intervention programs for cyberbullying, which must consider the roles of traditional bullying, gender differences, and internet use in cyberbullying behavior.   https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/2051 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/2051/1015