Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 18 3 2023 06 20 294 310 Zahra Ghamkhar Fard Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shima Shakiba Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arash Mirabzadeh Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Pourshahbaz Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 03 07 2023 04 18 Objective: The Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5), is a trait-based measure of pathological personality designed to assess Criterion B of an alternative diagnostic system for personality disorders (PDs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relations among the PID-5 and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF); a commonly used self-report instrument with a hierarchical structure. Method: We examined the joint structure of the PID-5 scales along with levels of the MMPI-2-RF hierarchy to understand whether conceptually expected structures tend to be loaded with each other. Data were collected from 536 participants from the general population of Iran. Results: Findings of Pearson’s correlation analyses exhibited the generally expected patterns between the two mentioned measures on most scales, with some divergences. Similarly, although applying a set of joint exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) exhibited some factor loadings for PID-5 facets within the hierarchical framework of MMPI-2-RF scales that were different to what was theoretically expected, both measures were generally loaded in a conceptually expected way, indicating that they have a similar dimensional structure. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for adequate convergence of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology structures, as well as for utilizing MMPI-2-RF to measure personality psychopathology from a dimensional perspective. The implications of these results are discussed by the authors. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/2640 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/2640/1136