Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 1 2015 03 15 56 63 Parvaneh Mohammadkhani Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Khanipour Allameh Tabataba'i_ University. Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center Tehran, Iran. Hedieh Azadmehr University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Ardeshir Mobramm Mental Health and Social Work Service, Ghezel Hesar prison, Tehran, Iran. Esmaeil Naseri Allameh Tabataba'i_ Universitiy, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 The aim of this study was to evaluate suicide probability in Iranian males with substance abuse or dependence disorder and to investigate the predictors of suicide probability based on trait mindfulness, reasons for living and severity of general psychiatric symptoms.Participants were 324 individuals with substance abuse or dependence in an outpatient setting and prison. Reasons for living questionnaire, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale and Suicide probability Scale were used as instruments. Sample was selected based on convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS.The life-time prevalence of suicide attempt in the outpatient setting was35% and it was 42% in the prison setting. Suicide probability in the prison setting was significantly higher than in the outpatient setting (p<0.001). The severity of general symptom strongly correlated with suicide probability. Trait mindfulness, not reasons for living beliefs, had a mediating effect in the relationship between the severity of general symptoms and suicide probability. Fear of social disapproval, survival and coping beliefs and child-related concerns significantly predicted suicide probability (p<0.001).It could be suggested that trait mindfulness was more effective in preventing suicide probability than beliefs about reasons for living in individuals with substance abuse or dependence disorders. The severity of general symptom should be regarded as an important risk factor of suicide probability. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/38 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/38/34