Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 19 4 2024 09 18 463 472 Saade Abdalkareem Jasim Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Anbar, Iraq. Mandeep Singh Directorate of Sports and Physical Education, University of Jammu, J&K, India Aiman Mohammed Baqir Al-Dhalimy Department of Nursing, Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq Ahmed Hussein Zwamel Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq Israa Abed Jawad Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Nagat Salah Shalaby College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. 2024 05 13 2024 06 27 Objective: Understanding the associations between cognitive function and chronic exercise has gained significant attention in the last decade. This overview aims to consolidate current knowledge and shed light on potential benefits of long-term exercise on cognitive abilities. Method: Relevant databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched through predefined keywords related to chronic exercise and cognitive function. We included all relevant systematic-reviews and meta-analysis in our data-synthesizing. Results: We identified 74 references across PubMed (33), Scopus (35), and Web of Sciences (6). After deduplication, 52 unique references remained. Screening by title and abstract yielded 28 relevant studies. Full-text review based on inclusion criteria resulted in nine eligible articles. Most were meta-analyses, examining 10 to 71 randomized controlled trials on executive functions across various age groups and health statuses. Both acute and chronic exercises demonstrated small to moderate positive effects on cognitive functions, with chronic exercise outcomes influenced by type, duration, frequency, session length, age, and cognitive status. Conclusion: Extensive research underscores a robust and compelling link between involving in regular, long-term physical exercise and enhancement of cognitive functioning. This connection emphasizes the critical role that consistent physical activity plays in safeguarding mental well-being and maintaining sharp cognitive abilities throughout various life stages. Positive effect of sustained physical exercise on cognitive functioning serves as a compelling reason to integrate exercise as a fundamental component of a holistic approach to mental wellness and cognitive longevity. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/3895