Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 1 11 Shahin Akhondzadeh Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Maleki Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: This review will indicate the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Method: We conducted a review of literature to understand the biochemical and evidential bases for the use of herbs in psychiatric and neurological disorders as follow: 1) Alzheimer’s disease, 2) Depression, 3) Anxiety, 4) Insomnia, 5) Substance use disorders, 6) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 7) Migraine. Results: Evidences support use of Ginkgo biloba, Huperzine A, Galantamine, Melissa officinalis,and Salvia officinalis for Alzheimer’s disease; St. John’s wort, Lavender, and Saffron for depression; Passionflower, and Kava, for anxiety disorders; Valerian, and English Lavender for sleep disorders; Hypericum for substance related disorders; Ginkgo biloba, and Passionflower for ADHD; and feverfew, and Butterbur root for migraine. The highest level of confidence derives from well-designed, randomized, double blind controlled studies. Conclusion: Herbs may have beneficial effects in variety of psychiatric and neurological disorder; however we must consider their potential side effects and drug-drug interactions. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/396 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/396/391