Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 4 2006 12 15 158 161 Mehdi Nassr Mental Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Badri Daneshamuz Mental Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Banafshe Gharai Mental Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansour Salehi Mental Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili Mental Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Farhad Ghalebandi Mental Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: Substance misuse is a major public health threat in Iran. The total number of addicts in Iran is estimated to be between 700,000 and 4,000,000. A few limited household studies on the prevalence of substance misuse have been performed in Iran. Method: The residents of the sixth district of the municipality of Tehran who were over the age of 15 were selected as the study population. The sample size was 2,705. The instrument of the study was face-to-face interviews. Results: 184(6.8%) of the subjects had used at least one substance in their lives and 142(5.2%) used a substance during the month before the interviews. 132(4.88%), 10(0.37%), 3(0.11%), 5(0.19%) and 4(15%) of the subjects reported the use of alcohol, opium, opium residue, heroin, and cannabis respectively during the month before the interviews. Conclusion: The estimate and profile of substance use are different from other methodologies. This household study indicated lower than expected prevalence of opioids and higher than expected alcohol use. Indirect estimation methods are probably more appropriate for the prevalence studies of substance misuse in Iran. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/424 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/424/420