Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 20 4 2025 09 14 424 426 Mohammad Reze Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Khaleghi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2025 07 29 2025 09 03 War represents one of the most catastrophic human experiences, leaving indelible marks not only on the physical landscape but on the psychological well-being of entire populations. War and armed conflict have profound and lasting impacts on mental health, affecting combatants and civilians alike. The recent 12-day conflict between Iran and Israel, which saw aerial bombardments of some Iranian cities resulting in over 1,070 fatalities—70% of whom were civilians—has brought into sharp focus the urgent need to address the mental health consequences of modern warfare. While the immediate physical destruction is visible and quantifiable, the psychological trauma inflicted on survivors often remains hidden, yet its effects can persist for decades, even across generations.  https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/4330