Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 3 2016 02 06 175 184 EN Saeed Imani Department of Clinical Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran Mohammad Kazem Atef Vahid Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Banafsheh Gharraee Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Alireza Noroozi Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Head of Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPTO), Iran MoH Mojtaba Habibi Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran Sarah Bowen Addictive Behaviors Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA 2015 10 10   Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy (MBGT) compared to the usual opioid dependence treatment (TAU).Thirty outpatients meeting the DSM-IV-TR criteria for opioid dependence from Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) were randomly assigned into experimental (Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy) and control groups (the Usual Treatment).The experimental group undertook eight weeks of intervention, but the control group received the usual treatment according to the INCAS program. Methods:The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Addiction Sevier Index (ASI) were administered at pre-treatment and post-treatment assessment periods. Thirteen patients from the experimental group and 15 from the control group completed post-test assessments. Results:The results of MANCOVA revealed an increase in mean scores in observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reacting, and decrease in mean scores of alcohol and opium in MBGT patient group. Conclusion:The effectiveness of MBGT, compared to the usual treatment, was discussed in this paper as a selective protocol in the health care setting for substance use disorders. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/8 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/8/6