Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 12 4 2017 10 18 262 268 EN Ramin saravani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Hamid Reza Galavi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Marzieh Lotfian Sargazi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2016 12 25 Objective: The effects of human brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met (G>A) and the human Catechol-O-methylTransferase (COMT) Val158Met (G>A) polymorphisms on Schizophrenia (SCZ) risk were evaluated. Methods: This case control study included 92 SCZ patients and 92 healthy controls (HCs). Genotyping of both variants were conducted using Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). Results: The findings showed that BDNF Val66Met (G>A) variant increased the risk of SCZ (OR=2.008 95%CI=1.008-4.00, P=0.047, GA vs. GG, OR=3.876 95%CI=1.001-14.925, P=0.049. AA vs. GG, OR=2.272. 95%CI=1.204-4.347, P=0.011, GA+AA vs. GG, OR=2.22 95%CI=1.29-3.82. P=0.005, A vs. G). COMT Val158Met (G>A) polymorphism was not associated with the risk/protective of SCZ. Conclusion: The results proposed that BDNF Val66Met (G>A) polymorphism may increase the risk of SCZ development and did not support an association between COMT Val158Met (G>A) variant and risk/protective of SCZ. Further studies and different ethnicities are recommended to confirm the findings. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/907 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/907/659