Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 52 6 Mehdi Tehrani-Doost Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry; Tehran, Iran. Maryam Salmanian Msc Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital South Kargar Avenue Tehran 1333715914, Iran Maria Ghanbari-Motlagh Zahra Shahrivar 2015 10 14 Objective: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have great problems in social interactions including face recognition. There are many studies reporting deficits in face memory in individuals with ASDs. On the other hand, some studies indicate that this kind of memory is intact in this group. In the present study, delayed face recognition has been investigated in children and adolescents with ASDs compared to the age and sex matched typically developing group . Methods: In two sessions, Benton Facial Recognition Test was administered to 15 children and adolescents with ASDs (high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome) and to 15 normal participants, ages 8-17 years. In the first condition, the long form of Benton Facial Recognition Test was used without any delay. In the second session, this test was administered with 15 seconds delay after one week. The reaction times and correct responses were measured in both conditions as the dependent variables . Results: Comparison of the reaction times and correct responses in the two groups revealed no significant difference in delayed and non-delayed conditions. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the two conditions in ASDs patients when comparing the variables. Although a significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between delayed and non-delayed conditions, it was not significant in the normal group. Moreover, data analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups in the two conditions when the IQ was considered as covariate .  Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the ability to recognize faces in simultaneous and delayed conditions is similar between adolescents with ASDs and their normal counterparts. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/219 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/219/215

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 57 60 Zahra Gohari Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Dehghani Gilda Rajabi Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei MD Assistant Professor of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, South Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare parenting self efficacy between mothers of children with attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mothers of normal children . Method: One hundred twenty mothers including 60 mothers of children with ADHD and 62 mothers of normal children were selected. In each group the participants were allocated between three subgroups of preschool, first and second grade of primary school. The participants were evaluated for ADHD symptom severity and parenting self efficacy, using Conner’s Parents Rating Scales-Revised Short (CPRS-R:S) and Berkeley Parenting Self-efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using independent sample T test, Chi square, Pearson and Spearman correlation and stepwise linear regression statistical analysis when appropriate . Results: The results of this study did not show any significant difference between self efficiency in mothers of children with ADHD and mothers of normal children in preschool and first grade of primary school. However, between group differences were significant in mothers of children in second grade of primary school. The most associated factors with parenting self efficacy were Children’s age, and education level. Conclusion: No difference was observed in self efficacy of parents of ADHD children and parents of normal children in pre-school and first grade of primary school. However, parenting self efficacy was significantly lower in parents of the second grade ADHD children compared to the normal group. Increment in age and education level of children with ADHD may be associated with lower level of parenting self efficacy. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/217 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/217/213

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 61 5 Ashraf Tashakori Department of Psychiatry, Golestan hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran. Azadeh Zamani Behbahani Reza Davasaz Irani 2015 10 14 Objectives: There is a relationship between infant feeding method and maternal postpartum depression (PPD). This study was carried out in an Iranian population to compare the prevalence of PPD symptoms between breast feeding and non-breast feeding mothers for first time. Methods: Four health centers in Ahvas were selected by random sampling in 2009. At first 78 non-breast feeding mothers at two months postpartum were recruited in the study and then 78 breast feeding mothers were recruited through random sampling. They were reassessed in six months postpartum period. Demographic and obstetric data questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used . Results: There was a significant difference in prevalence of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale positive between breast feeding (2.5%) and non- breast feeding mothers (19.4%) (p=0.004). Conclusion: Infant feeding method may be related to maternal mood disorder and breast feeding mothers are less depressed. Breastfeeding may decrease PPD. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/215 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/215/211

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 66 73 Adrian Furnham Department of Psychology, University College London Viren Swami, London, UK. Afrooz Kosari Viren Swami 2015 10 14 Two hundred and fifty-eight Iranian university students estimated their own, parents', and partners' overall (general) intelligence, and also estimated 13 'multiple intelligences' on a simple, two-page questionnaire which was previously used in many similar studies. In accordance with previous research, men rated themselves higher than women on logical-mathematical, spatial and musical intelligence. There were, however, no sex differences in ratings of parental and partner multiple intelligences, which is inconsistent with the extant literature. Participants also believed that they were more intelligent than their parents and partners, and that their fathers were more intelligent than their mothers. Multiple regressions indicated that participants' Big Five personality typologies and test experience were significant predictors of self-estimated intelligence. These results are discussed in terms of the cross-cultural literature in the field. Implications of the results are also considered. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/213 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/213/209

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 74 81 Shahrum Vahedi Department of Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Farahman Farrokhi Ali Mahdavi Samad Moradi 2015 10 14 Objective:The present study aimed at validating the structure of Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ).  Methods: Five hundred and eleven undergraduate students took part in this research; from these participants, 63 males and 200 females took part in the first study, and 63 males and 185 females completed the survey for the second study. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated strong support for the three-factor structure, consisting of lack of information about the self, inconsistent information, lack of information and lack of readiness factors. A confirmatory factor analysis was run with the second sample using structural equation modeling. As expected, the three-factor solution provided a better fit to the data than the alternative models. Conclusion: CDDQ was recommended to be used for college students in this study due to the fact that this instrument measures all three aspects of the model. Future research is needed to learn whether this model would fit other different samples. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/211 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/211/207

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 82 6 Gholamreza Khoynezhad Department of Education, Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Ali Reza Rajaei Ahmad Sarvarazemy 2015 10 14 Objective: Spiritual beliefs can help people find meaning of life ,and can also influence their feelings, behaviors and mental health. The present research studied the relationship between basic religious beliefs (Human, Existence and God) and five personality factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness. Method: One hundred seventy eight students of Islamic Azad University in Torbat-jam were randomly selected and completed the basic religious beliefs and NEO Questionnaires. Results: Data showed that basic religious beliefs have a significant negative correlation with neuroticism (r=-0.29) ,and a significant positive relationship with extraversion(r=0.28),openness(r=0.14),agreeableness (r=0.29),and conscientiousness (r=0.48). Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that basic religious beliefs can anticipate neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness, but they cannot anticipate the openness factor significantly.  Conclusion : The findings of this study demonstrate that basic religious beliefs have a positive relationship with good characteristics that help people resolve the challenges of their lives and identity crisis . Thus, the results of this study support the idea of Religious Cognitive–Emotional Theory that religiosity is correlated with positive personality traits. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/209 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/209/205

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 87 92 Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Ali Mostafavi MSc Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave., Qods St., Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Keshavarz MSc Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave., Qods Mohammad Reza Eshraghian Payam Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar Seyed Mohammad Ali Kooshesh Maryam Chamari Shahin Akhondzadeh 2015 10 14 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine melatonin effects on sleep patterns, symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficiency in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Children with age range of 7-12 years who had a combined form of ADHD were randomly divided in to 2 groups according to gender blocks. One group took melatonin (3 or 6mg) combined with methylphenidate (Ritalin) (1mg/kg), and the other group took placebo combined with methylphenidate (1mg/kg). ADHD rating scale and sleep patterns questionnaires were completed. Research hypotheses were assessed at the baseline, the second, fourth and eighth weeks after the treatment. Results: The mean sleep latency and total sleep disturbance scores were reduced in melatonin group, while the scores increased in the placebo group (p≥0.05). Data analysis, using ANOVA with repeated measures, did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups in ADHD scores. Conclusion: Administration of melatonin along with methylphenidate can partially improve symptoms of sleep disturbance. However, it does not seem to reduce attention deficiency and hyperactivity behavior of children with ADHD. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/207 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/207/203

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 93 6 Ebrahim Pishyareh Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Tehrani-Doost M.D. Associate Professor in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital South Kargar Avenue, Tehran 1333715914, Iran Javad Mahmoodi-Gharaie Anahita Khorrami Mitra Joudi Mehrnoosh Ahmadi 2015 10 14 Objective: Children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) react explosively and inappropriately to emotional stimuli. It could be hypothesized that these children have some impairment in attending to emotional cues. Based on this hypothesis, we conducted this study to evaluate visual directions of children with ADHD towards paired emotional scenes. Method: thirty boys between the ages of 6 and 11 years diagnosed with ADHD were compared with 30 age-matched normal boys. All participants were presented paired emotional and neutral scenes in the four following categories: pleasant-neutral; pleasant-unpleasant; unpleasant-neutral; and neutral – neutral. Meanwhile, their visual orientations towards these pictures were evaluated using the eye tracking system. The number and duration of first fixation and duration of first gaze were compared between the two groups using the MANOVA analysis. The performance of each group in different categories was also analyzed using the Friedman test. Results: With regards to duration of first gaze, which is the time taken to fixate on a picture before moving to another picture, ADHD children spent less time on pleasant pictures compared to normal group ,while they were looking at pleasant – neutral and unpleasant – pleasant pairs. The duration of first gaze on unpleasant pictures was higher while children with ADHD were looking at unpleasant – neutral pairs (P<0.01). Conclusion: based on the findings of this study it could be concluded that children with ADHD attend to unpleasant conditions more than normal children which leads to their emotional reactivity. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/205 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/205/201

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 97 103 Alireza Khoshnevisan Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Sistany Allahabadi 2015 10 14 Localization of brain lesions and prevention of damage to vital structures are important in operation of brain pathologies. Despite development of many techniques including angiography, MRI, sonography, and frame base stereotaxy, a more accurate localizing technique is still needed (1, 2). A step forward to achieve this goal is to develop a navigation system. In this manuscript, we explained some clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages of navigation system and tried to have a short glimpse on its future. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/203 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/203/199