Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 87 91 Mehrnoosh Ahmadi Department of psychiatry, Roozbeh psychiatry hospital, Tehran university of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran Institute for cognitive science studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran Mitra Judi Department of psychiatry, Roozbeh psychiatry hospital, Tehran university of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran Anahita Khorrami Institute for cognitive science studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei Department of psychiatry, Roozbeh psychiatry hospital, Tehran university of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran Mehdi Tehrani-Doost Department of psychiatry, Roozbeh psychiatry hospital, Tehran university of medical sciences,Tehran,IranInstitute for cognitive science studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: Early recognition of negative emotions is considered to be of vital importance. It seems that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have some difficulties recognizing facial emotional expressions, especially negative ones. This study investigated the preference of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for negative (angry, sad) facial expressions compared to normal children. Method: Participants were 35 drug naive boys with ADHD, aged between 6-11 years ,and 31 matched healthy children. Visual orientation data were recorded while participants viewed face pairs (negative-neutral pairs) shown for 3000ms. The number of first fixations made to each expression was considered as an index of initial orientation. Results: Group comparisons revealed no difference between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group and their matched healthy counterparts in initial orientation of attention. A tendency towards negative emotions was found within the normal group, while no dif erence was observed between initial allocation of attention toward negative and neutral expressions in children with ADHD . Conclusion: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder do not have significant preference for negative facial expressions. In contrast, normal children have a significant preference for negative facial emotions rather than neutral faces. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/267 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/267/263

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 92 98 Farahman Farrokhi English Departments, University of Tabriz Hossein Bevrani Department of Statistics, Faculty of mathematical sciences, university of Tabriz shahram vahedi Assistant Professor Department of Psychology, Department of Psychology, 29 bahman, The Tabriz University, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the confirmatory factor analysis results of the Persian adaptation of Statistics Anxiety Measure (SAM), proposed by Earp. Method: The validity and reliability assessments of the scale were performed on 298 college students chosen randomly from Tabriz University in Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to determine the factor structures of the Persian adaptation of SAM. Results: As expected, the second order model provided a better fit to the data than the three alternative models. Conclusions: Hence, SAM provides an equally valid measure for use among college students. The study both expands and adds support to the existing body of math anxiety literature. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/265 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/265/261

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 99 105 Changiz Rahimi Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University, Iran Razieh Hashemi Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University, Iran Norolah Mohamadi Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: The Wisconsin Test Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test that has been suggested as a more specific test for frontal lobes dysfunctions. This study was designed to determine whether WCST is able to differentiate between Iranian psychiatric patients with cognitive disorders and normal subjects, and whether WCST scores are related to severity of symptoms in depressive and schizophrenic patients. Method: Participants were four groups: schizophrenics with positive symptoms (n=25); schizophrenics with negative symptoms (n=25); major depressives (n=25); and normal subjects (n=25). All subjects were tested individually using WCST. To analyze the data, various descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression analysis were used. Results: Regarding the number of categories (P<0.001) and the rate of perseverative errors (P<0.01), according to the results, the normal subjects performed significantly better than patient groups on W CST, although the differences between patient groups were not significant. Our results also showed that greater positive or depressive symptoms were not associated with poorer scores on WCST performance. Only the level of severity of negative symptoms predicted scores on per severative errors. Conclusion: It is concluded that WCST can differentiate Iranian psychiatric patients with cognitive disorders from normal subjects, but it is not able to clearly differentiate schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms from those with positive symptoms and depressives. Only severity of negative symptoms affects WCST performance https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/263 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/263/259

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 106 111 Valbona Alikaj Service of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Center "Mothe Teresa", Tirana, Albania Gentian Vyshka Biomedical and Experimental Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tirana University,Albania Elga Spaho Psychiatry Service, University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa”, Tirana, Albania Valmira Skëndi Service of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa”, Tirana, Albania Anastas Suli Head of Service of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Tirana University, Albania 2015 10 14 Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate all the potential routes to Child/Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic-University Hospital Center (CAPC-UHC) in Tirana. The article provides demographic data, as well as further information on the types and amounts of services children/adolescents received during the process of seeking help related to different diagnoses . Method: The study was conducted in CAPC-UHC in Tirana, during September 2006-September 2007. Data were collected from 162 children and their parents using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Pathways Encounter Form. The sample consisted of 53.1% (86) males and 46.9% (76) females. The mean age was 9.5 + 4.4 years . Results: Out of the total number of cases that sought care to CAPC; 55, 6% were referred by parents themselves, while the rest were referred by others. There was a significant effect of gender to intervals from the onset of problem to the first career (F = 10.803, p=0.001), as well as a significant effect of gender to tot l time intervals from the onset till the specialist of child mental health problem (F = 6.742, p=0.01). Conclusions: This is the first study investigating the help seeking process to psychiatric care in CAPC Tirana-Albania and may serve as a good start in generating evidence based on child/adolescent mental health service. Further multicentre studies will enhance the values of the findings, since the present study was performed in a single service, and in a setting lacking previous works with similar scope that could have served as references. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/261 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/261/257

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 112 116 Ali Reza Soltanian Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health; The Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran Iraj Nabipour Professor Haghighi Section of Tropical Medicine, The Persian Gulf Health Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, I.R. Iran Shahin Akhondzadeh Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran Babak Moeini Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran Fatemeh Bahreini Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran Majid Barati School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran Javad Faradmal Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health; The Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: Mental health is one of the evaluating factors of community indicators, and physical activity is considered an important tool for the importance of public health. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between physical activity and mental health, but these studies did not include those populations in which training children have some traditional and religious aspects. Methods: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to compare the prevalence of mental health among those who had inactive, minimally and HEPA activity in a representative sample of adolescents aged 15-19 in South of Iran using data from the Mental Health Survey (n = 2584). The GHQ-28 and IPAQ-short forms were used to evaluate the mental health and physical activity, respectively . Results: A total of 2584 adolescents (1401 male and 1178 female) participated in the study. The observed odds of psychological symptoms in boys compared to girls is 1.2 times (p=0.018). We observed that HEPAactivity decreases odds of somatic  istress and social dysfunction compared with inactivity (p=0.031 and 0.001, respectively); minimally activity decreases odds of anxiety compared with inactivity (p=0.038); but physical activity rate was not affected on odds of adolescents' depression (p>0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity decreases mental health subscales except for depression among adolescents in Boushehr, southern city of Iran. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/259 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/259/255

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 117 120 Farahnaz Keshavarzi Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Katayoun Yazdchi Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mehrali Rahimi Department of Endocrinology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mansour Rezaei Department of Health Services, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Vahid Farnia Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Omran Davarinejad Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Nasrin Abdoli Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mahmood Jalili Department of Nuclear medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: Risk of depression is particularly high for women during the prenatal period. Various investigators have attempted to establish a link between thyroid function and post partum depression. This study aimed to investigate whether thyroid function differs in women with postpartum depression compared to a control group. Methods: In this case-control study, subjects were selected from Obstetrics & Gynecology and Psychiatric clinics of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Forty eight patients suffering from postpartum depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition totally revised (DSM-IV-TR), and 65 normal controls underwent diagnostic evaluation by one trained psychiatrist using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR. Then, the demographic questionnaire and the Persian version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were completed by the participants. Finally, their thyroid functions were assessed. Data analyses were done using the SPSS pr gram 13. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between thyroid function tests and postpartum depression. According to multiple regression analysis with stepwise method, subjects with lower serum TSH, T3RU, T3 levels, younger age and longer period after delivery tended to have higher EPDS scores (P-value=0.008). Conclusion:The present study reports that those women with postpartum depression had a no greater prevalence of thyroid dysfunction than the control subjects. It seems that thyroid dysfunction should be considered in women with postpartum depression individually, but the role of thyroid as an important cause of this condition is not yet established. This suggests that future studies should concentrate on this concept in postpartum depression. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/257 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/257/253

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 6 3 2011 09 15 121 124 Seyed Mahmood Mirzamani Professor of Clinical Psychology, Faculty Member of Islamshahr Islamic Azad University 2015 10 14 Objective: Religious values were investigated in a group of Iranian Revolutionary Guards in Tehran . Methods: The sample consisted of official duty troops and conscripts who were in prison due to a crime. One hundred thirty seven individuals cooperated with us in the project (37 Official personnel and 100 conscripts). The instruments used included a demographic questionnaire containing personal data and the Allport, Vernon and Lindzey's Study of Values Test. Most statistical methods used descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, mean, tables and t-test. Results: The results showed that religious vtory> Objective: We aimed to compare the medical students' attitude towards psychiatry before and after psychiatry clerkship, and to examine the association of choosing psychiatry as a future career with some personal characteristics. Method: In a self-controlled, quasi-experimental study, all of the medical students entering the psychiatry clerkship in three major medical schools of Iran located in Tehran (Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, and Iran University of Medical Sciences) were asked to participate anonymously in the study on the first and the last 3-days of their psychiatry clerkship. From 346 invited 4th-5th year medical students, 225 (65%) completed anonymous self-report questionnaires before and after a 4-week psychiatry clerkship. Results: Positive response to choose psychiatry as a career was seen in 13.3% and 18.3% before and after psychiatry rotation, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant; about one-quarter of the students were turned on to psychiatry and 25% were discouraged during the clerkship. Individual pair wise comparisons revealed significant improvements only in two out of 13 measured aspects of psychiatry. Seventeen out of 38 (47.7%) students who identified psychiatry as the career of choice or strong possibility reported that one of their family members or close friends' mental illness had an impact on their choice. Those students who considered psychiatry as the strong possibility claimed that they are more interested in humanities (OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.17, 7.49), and playing a musical instrument (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.57). Conclusion: It may be concluded that exposure to psychiatry clerkship could influence medical students' opinion about psychiatry positively, or negatively. Personal characteristics and individual interests of students may play an important role in choosing psychiatry as their future career. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/200 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/200/196

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 8 1 2013 03 15 44 50 Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran, Iran ; Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Research Center. Abufazel Hosseininasab MSc. Allameh Tabatabaei University Department of Psychology Address: Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Faculty of psychology Ahmad Borjali Allameh Tabatabaei University, Department of Psychology, Tehran, Iran. Amir Ali Mazandarani Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Psychology, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: The aim of this study was to examine reality testing in schizophrenic children and compare it with normal children using minus responses subcomponent in ego impairment index of the Rorschach test. Methods: In a descriptive design, 20 accidentally sampled children, including 10 schizophrenic and 10 normal children, were recruited in to two groups and were compared in terms of reality testing subcomponent of Ego Impairment Index (EII). After initial interview, the Rorschach inkblot test was administered on the two groups, and Distorted Quality responses