Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 71 78 EN Mehdi Soleimani Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvaneh Mohammadkhani University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behroz Dolatshahi University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Alizadeh Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Karenleigh Overmann Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA Frederick Coolidge Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of two group treatments, behavioral activation (BA) and cognitive therapy (CT), in reducing subsyndromal anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of Iranian university students. Method: Twenty-seven Iranian university students who scored 18 or higher on the depression subscale and 16 or higher on the anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were randomly assigned into treatment groups. One group received 8 sessions of BA (n = 14), and the other received 8 sessions of group CT (n = 13). Result: Analysis of covariance revealed that the BA group had a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than the CT group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of anxiety, stress symptoms or functional impairment after treatment. Conclusion: This study found evidence for the effectiveness of BA in reducing anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms and functional impairment compared to CT. BA was more effective than CT in improving depressive symptoms and was as effective as CT in decreasing anxiety, stress and functional impairment. BA is also a cost-effective intervention, particularly in group formats. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/386 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/386/381

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 79 85 EN Isaac Rahimian-Boogar Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Siavash Talepasand Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objective: Identification of the risk factors and psychological correlates of prolonged grief disorder is vital for health promotions in relatives of persons who died of cancer. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of defense mechanisms, character dimension of personality and demographic factors on complicated grief following a loss of a family member to cancer. Method: A number of 226 persons who had lost a family member to cancer in a cancer institute at Tehran University of Medical Science were selected through compliance sampling and completed the Inventory of complicated Grief-Revised (ICG-R), the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), the Character dimension of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Demographical questionnaire. Data were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis,using the PASW version 18. Results: Findings revealed that neurotic defense style had a significant positive predictive role in the complicated grief; and cooperativeness, age of the deceased person, self-transcendence and mature defense style had a significant negative predictive role in complicated grief (p<0.001). R2 was 0.73 for the final model (p<.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that two character dimensions (low cooperativeness and self-transcendence), high neurotic defense style and young age of the deceased person were involved in the psychopathological course of the complicated and prolonged grief. It was concluded that personality characteristics of the grieving persons and demographics of the deceased person should be addressed in designing tailored interventions for complicated grief. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/387 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/387/382

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 86 92 EN Zahra Sedaghati-Barog Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran SeyyedJalal Younesi Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran AmirHosein Sedaghati Kalamstan language foundation manager (CEO), unit 4-second floor-number 735-Shahid Ghandi Square-North Sohrevardi- Seyed Khandan Bridge-Tehran-Iran Zohre Sedaghati rights expert,assistance 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objective: The findings demonstrated that parents of children with cerebral palsy experience elevated levels of distress, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress symptom and subjective symptom of stress and low quality of life. Effective interventions targeting relapse have the potential to dramatically reduce the point prevalence of this condition. Many studies have shown that Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is an intervention that has shown efficacy in improving quality of life. In this study, the effect of Mindfulness –Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on increasing quality of life in mothers of children with cerebral palsy has been examined. Method: Three mothers of CP children with low scores on quality of life in WHOQOL-BREF inventory participated in this single- case study. Results: Findings revealed that the MBCT program elevated quality of life of the participants. The improvement quotient for quality of life of each participant was good. Conclusion: The results have implication for efficacy of mindfulness for improvement of psychosocial life of families of children with cerebral palsy. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/388 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/388/383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 93 99 EN Ali Khaleghi Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Sheikhani Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran MohammadReza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Moti-Nasrabadi Biomedical Engineering Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objective: Early diagnosis of type I and type II bipolar mood disorder is very challenging particularly in adolescence. Hence, we aimed to investigate the cerebral cortex function in these patients, using quantitative electroencephalography analysis to obtain significant differences between them. Methods: Thirty- eight adolescents (18 patients with bipolar disorder I and 20 with BMD II) participated in this study. We recorded the electroencephalogram signals based on 10-20 international system by 21 electrodes in eyes open and eyes closed condition resting conditions. Forty seconds segments were selected from each recorded signals with minimal noise and artifacts. Periodogram Welch was used to estimate power spectrum density from each segment. Analysis was performed in five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma), and we assessed power, mean, entropy, variance and skewness of the spectrums, as well as mean of the thresholded spectrum and thresholded spectrogram. We only used focal montage for comparison. Eventually, data were analyzed by independent Mann-Whitney test and independent t test. Results: We observed significant differences in some brain regions and in all frequency bands. There were significant differences in prefrontal lobe, central lobe, left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe between BMD I and BMD II (P < 0.05). In patients with BMD I, spectral entropy was compared to patients with BMD II. The most significant difference was observed in the gamma frequency band. Also, the power and entropy of delta frequency band was larger in the left parietal lobe in the BMD I patients compared to BMD II patients (P < 0.05). In the temporal lobe, significant differences were observed in the spectrum distribution of beta and gamma frequency bands (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The QEEG and entropy measure are simple and available tools to help detect cerebral cortex deficits and distinguish BMD I from BMD II. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/389 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/389/384

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 100 105 EN Saeedeh Zomorrodi Tarbiat Modares university, Tehran, Iran SeyedKazem Rasoulzadeh-Tabatabaie Department of Psychology, Teacher-Trbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Parviz Azadfallah Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Naser Ebrahimidaryani University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Arbabi Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of mindfulness-based therapy on improving life quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Method: This was an experimental study including 24 patients (12 from each group) with IBS syndrome were selected based on the ROMEIII criteria and were randomly placed in the test and control groups. In both groups, the scales of the IBS-QOL34 Questionnaire were applied as assessment tool. Experiment group was subjected to the MFT (mindfulness-based therapy), while the control group received no intervention. After the two-month follow up, both groups were once again evaluated through the IBS-QOL34 scales. Results: There is not significant difference between trial and control group in starting of the study in demographic and quality of life status. The findings of covariance analysis revealed that the difference between the experiment and the control groups at follow-up was significant (p = 0.01). The results showed that the MFT has long-term effects on the life quality of patients suffering from IBS. Conclusion: The MFT could be considered as a new, effective and stable method in psychotherapy, particularly in psychosomatic disorders such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/390 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/390/385

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 106 114 EN MohammadReza Mohammadi Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soleiman Mohammadzadeh Department of psychiatry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Shahin Akhondzadeh Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objectives: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of memantine versus methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Method: Forty participants (34 boys and 6 girls) aged 6-11 who were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on (DSM-IV-TR) criteria were selected for this study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: group one (n = 22) received memantine and the other group (n = 18) received methylphenidate for six weeks. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression- Severity Scale administered at baseline and at weeks 3 and 6 following the treatment. Also, a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (time- treatment interaction) was used. Results: At 6 weeks, methylphenidate produced a significantly better outcome on the Parent Rating Scale scores and Clinical Global Impression- Severity than memantine. Side effects were observed more often in the memantine group. However, with respect to the frequency of side effects, the difference between the memantine and methylphenidate groups was not significant. The most common side effects associated with memantine are appetite suppression, headache, vomiting, nausea and fatigue. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that although memantine was less effective than methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it may be considered as an alternative treatment. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/391 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/391/386

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 10 2 2016 02 06 115 122 EN Mina Mazaheri Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2015 10 17 2015 10 17 Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and reliability of the two forms of the Persian version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-6 & DERS-5-revised) in a clinical sample. Methods: The clinical sample consisted of 181 patients diagnosed with Functional GI Disorders (FGID) who referred to the digestive psychosomatic clinic in Isfahan in 2012. They were selected by census method (In a given period of time). The Persian version of the DERS, the short form of the DASS, and the TAS-20 were used to collect data. Results: The results of the factor structure or construct validity using principal components analysis with varimax rotation recognized 7 factors for the DERS-6 (Goals, Awarness, Impalse, Non Acceptance, Strategy, Clarity, Recognition), and 6 factors for the DERS-5- revised (Non Acceptance, Goals, Impalse, Strategy, Clarity, Recognition) in the clinical sample. They showed the common variance of 59.51% and 59.15%, respectively. Also, the results showed that the concurrent validity of both forms of the DERS and most of their factors, and their reliability in terms of Cronbach-Alpha were favorable. Discussion: Considering the factor structure and favorable psychometric properties of the two scales of DERS-6 & DERS-5-revised, the scales can be used in clinical samples. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/392 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/392/387in an eight- session program once a week with each session lasting for two to ‎two and half hours in addition to receiving medication. All the participants filled out Beck ‎Depression Inventory II and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale before and after the ‎program. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software (Version 16) and univariate ‎covariance statistical method.‎ Results: While there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with ‎respect to the demographic characteristics, we observed a statistically significant improvement in ‎the defined variables in post-test of the MBCT group compared to the case group.‎ Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that combining MBCT and pharmacotherapy ‎could cause significant improvement in depression symptoms and increase the patient’s ability to ‎regulate emotion compared to pharmacotherapy alone‎. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/777 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/777/572

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 3 2016 10 09 173 177 EN Roya Najafi-Vosough Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Ali Ghaleiha Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Javad Faradmal Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. AND Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Canter, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Hossein Mahjub Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. AND Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2016 08 23 2016 08 23 Objective: The aim of this study was to identify prognosis factors associated with recurrence in patients ‎with bipolar disorder.‎‎ Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hamadan Province, the west of Iran. All ‎patients (n = 400) with bipolar disorder who were hospitalized for the second time or more ‎during April 2008 to September 2014 were included in this study. Ordinal logistic regression ‎analysis was employed to determine the effective factors in each recurrence, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained.‎ Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants at the entrance to the study was 34.62 (11.68) years. ‎There was an association between recurrence and type of bipolar disorder (P = 0.033). The ‎OR of recurrence was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.90) for bipolar disorder II; 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, ‎‎0.92) for the patients‎‏ ‏with college education; 0.39 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.60) for employed ‎patients; 0.55 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.87) for patients who received both drugs and ‎electroconvulsive therapy, and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.92) for patients who stopped using ‎drugs. In addition, a non-significant association was found between recurrence and age, sex, ‎marital status, place of residence, season, mood classification and family history of mood ‎disorder.‎ Conclusion: Type of bipolar disorder and cessation of medication were the leading causes of an increase in ‎the relapse of the disease. Furthermore, patients who received both drugs and ‎electroconvulsive therapy had a fewer risk of recurrence.‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/773 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/773/566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 3 2016 10 09 178 184 EN Dushad Ram Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnakata, India. Darshan Mahegowda Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnakata, India.‎ Basavana Gowdappa H Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, MG Road Agrahara, ‎Mysore. 2016 08 23 2016 08 23 Objective: Suicide attempt may follow a process right from the inception of the first information about ‎suicide until the act itself. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between ‎perception of suicide prevention with the process of suicide attempt and demographic ‎variables following a suicidal attempt.‎ Method: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 168 consecutive admitted participants with a ‎suicide attempt were screened, and 109 who met the study criteria were recruited to ‎participate in this study before discharge. They were assessed using the socio-demographic ‎and clinical proforma designed for this study as well as by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. To ‎assess the process of suicide attempt and perception of suicide prevention, a 17- item ‎questionnaire was developed and used after rigorous literature search. The Cronbach’s ‎alpha coefficient value of this questionnaire found to be 0.84 in the reliability analysis.‎ Results: Media was the first source of information, and the majority had short duration of ‎preoccupation and interval between making the decision and the actual attempt and the ‎control of emotion during the attempt. A significant positive correlation was observed ‎between the source of the first information and age (p<01), reason for the method used and ‎economic status (p<01), duration since the first information and family history of suicide (p<01). Psychiatric diagnosis had a statistically significant association with the method used (p<01), duration of preoccupation (p<01), preparedness (p<01) and emotional state during ‎the attempt (p<01). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the ‎source of the first information and education (p<01), any psychiatric diagnosis and duration ‎since the first death wish (p<01). On the score of perception about suicide prevention, a ‎significant group difference was observed for marital status, occupation, medical diagnosis, ‎opinion about an attempt, duration since the decision to attempt, and emotional control ‎during the attempt.‎ Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that perception of suicide prevention may vary ‎with the process of suicide attempts and demographic characteristics.‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/774 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/774/567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 3 2016 10 09 185 190 EN Seyed Saeed Sadr Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of ‎Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. razieh nayerifard Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of ‎Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. massood namjoo