Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 1 11 Shahin Akhondzadeh Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Maleki Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: This review will indicate the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Method: We conducted a review of literature to understand the biochemical and evidential bases for the use of herbs in psychiatric and neurological disorders as follow: 1) Alzheimer’s disease, 2) Depression, 3) Anxiety, 4) Insomnia, 5) Substance use disorders, 6) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 7) Migraine. Results: Evidences support use of Ginkgo biloba, Huperzine A, Galantamine, Melissa officinalis,and Salvia officinalis for Alzheimer’s disease; St. John’s wort, Lavender, and Saffron for depression; Passionflower, and Kava, for anxiety disorders; Valerian, and English Lavender for sleep disorders; Hypericum for substance related disorders; Ginkgo biloba, and Passionflower for ADHD; and feverfew, and Butterbur root for migraine. The highest level of confidence derives from well-designed, randomized, double blind controlled studies. Conclusion: Herbs may have beneficial effects in variety of psychiatric and neurological disorder; however we must consider their potential side effects and drug-drug interactions. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/396 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/396/391

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 12 18 Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh hospital, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, University of London, UK Eric Fombonne Canada Research Chair in Child Psychiatry, McGill University Director of the Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children`s Hospital, Montreal, Canada Eric Taylor Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, University of London, UK 2015 10 17 Objective: This study was designed to estimate prevalence rates of psychological problems in immigrant Iranian children in the UK and to evaluate the associated characteristics. Methods: A group of 244 children and adolescents, 111 boys and 133 girls between the ages 6 to 15 was selected. The children were categorised into groups with different psychological problems by their teachers on the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF). Also, the parents and The children completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for the ages 11 to 15 years, respectively. Results: Two-way ANOVAs using gender and age groups as factors showed that there were significant effects of gender in these subscales. Attention problems (p<0.001), delinquent behaviour (p<0.001), aggressive behaviour (p<0.01), externalising (p<0.001) and total problems (p<0.02). Two-way ANOVAs using age-group and gender as factors showed that there were no significant effects of age in the eight subscales of the CBCL; although a trend toward significance was observed for the withdrawn subscale. The interactions between gender and age for all subscales were not significant. Conclusion: The results show that the level of psychological problems in this group is as high as their counterparts in Iran and Achenbach's US normative samples, if not higher. This might result from immigration stressors and the pressure of bilingual education. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/397 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/397/392

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 19 26 Hossein Kaviani Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective:This study aimed to examine the effects of haloperidol and amphetamine on human startle response modulated by emotionally-toned film clips. Method: Sixty participants, in two groups (one receiving haloperidol and the other receiving amphetamine) were tested using electromyography (EMG) to measure eye-blink muscle (orbicular oculi) while different emotions were induced by six 2-minute film clips. Results: An affective rating shows the negative and positive effects of the two drugs on emotional reactivity, neither amphetamine nor haloperidol had any impact on the modulation of the startle response. Conclusion: The methodological and theoretical aspects of the study and findings will be discussed. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/398 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/398/393

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 27 30 P. Jafar Nejad Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mitra Monir Abbasi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Ahmadi Abhari Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H Zerrati Department of Bio-Statistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of patients with psychosis who had escaped from hospital or were discharged prematurely and against medical advice. Method: We carried out this retrospective study on 72 patients with psychosis who were discharged prematurely over a 38-month period and compared them to 76 patients with psychosis who were discharged according to the physician’s order, as the control group. In addition to the demographic factors, we assessed the following: the patient’s and their care giver’s level of education, in hospital stay, suicidal idea and attempt, smoking, substance abuse, psychiatric diagnosis, arrest record, imprisonment, positive history of psychiatric disorder in the first degree family members, first episode of psychosis, admission with police assistance, unemployment, and escape history (from hospital, school, military service, home, work and prison). Results: The two groups of patients were comparable in regard to two factors: the in hospital stay, and a positive history of escape. The latter was defined as leaving home, quitting work, escaping from school and military service, and a positive history of escape from hospital. Conclusion: Irregular discharge of patients with psychosis seems to be predictable by their positive escape history, and therefore preventable. Irregular discharge is more likely in the first few days of hospital admission. There is also a great tendency towards irregular discharge when in hospital stay gets long. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/399 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/399/394

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 31 34 Payam Sobhebidari Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Jalali-Roudsari Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi Yasamy Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mental Health Unit, Ministry of Health and Medical Education Mehdi Tehranidoost Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Homayoun Amini Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vandad Sharifi Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPsychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Manouchehri Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: To describe a home care service developed in Roozbeh Hospital for patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and report baseline and 6-month follow-up data. Method: Roozbeh Home Care Program consists of home visits by multidisciplinary home care teams, including general practitioners, nurses, and social workers who are supervised by psychiatrists. Home visits are scheduled as biweekly for the first three months following discharge and then on a monthly basis and the care includes biopsychosocial assessments and interventions. Baseline and 6-month data were extracted using a chart review. Results: After 10 months of the Program development, 53 patients were enrolled and a total of 349 home visits were made. Of these, 29 were followed for at least 6 months. More than 86% of the patients remained in the community throughout the follow-up period, most in full remission and a small minority (4 patients) with a mild to moderate relapse that was overcome with interventions made by the home care teams. Conclusion: A home care service is a feasible mode of community-based aftercare for patients discharged from the hospital. Its effectiveness should be assessed by a randomized controlled trial. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/400 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/400/395

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 35 38 Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Ali Nasehi Helal Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Nastaran Habibi Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Firoozeh Raisi Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPsychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: Depression is a major health problem, which is not only underrecognized and undertreated, but is also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that combination therapy rapidly reduces depressive symptoms in patients with moderate to severe depression and is more effective than monotherapy; but this suggestion remains controversial. Serotonergic and noradrenergic enhancement may be synergistic and more effective than serotonergic enhancement alone in the management of depression. The objective of this double blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of citalopram and nortriptyline for the treatment of moderate to severe major depression. Method: 45 patients, who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder based on the clinical interview, were included in the study. Patients had a baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of at least 20. In this trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive nortriptyline 50 mg/day plus citalopram 40 mg/day (group1) or placebo plus citalopram 40 mg/day (group2), for an 8 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Results: Both protocols significantly decreased the score of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale over the trial period, but the combination of nortriptyline and citalopram showed a significant superiority over citalopram alone in the treatment of moderate to severe major depressive disorder (t = 3.34, d.f. = 36, P = 0.001). The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that combination of nortriptyline and citalopram is more effective than citalopram alone in the treatment of depression. This advantage is probably the result of reuptake inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/401 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/401/396

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 1 2006 03 15 39 41 Reza Torkzaban School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Mohammadreza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Padideh Ghaeli Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshad Hashemian School of Pharmacy, Azad University (Tehran) 2015 10 17 Objective: This study was conducted to compare the effects of clomipramine and fluoxetine on fasting blood glucose (FBS) in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Thirty nondiabetic children with OCD entered this randomized trial. Subjects were between 7 to 17 years of age and had not received any medication that could affect blood glucose level for at least 2 weeks prior to the initiation of the study. Patients were assigned to receive 20 to 60 mg/d of fluoxetine or 75 to 200 mg/d of clomipramine for 8 weeks. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy and lactation, history of diabetes mellitus, any liver and thyroid disorder, epilepsy and major heart disease. Additionally, none of the patients should have received electroconvulsive therapy within 6 months prior to the initiation of the study. FBS levels were measured at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of the trial. Results: In the fluoxetine group, FBS level was decreased from 82.93 mg/dL (baseline) to 79.73 mg/dL at week 4 (P<0.001) and to 72.53 mg/dL at week 8 (P<0.001). On the other hand, in the clomipramine group, FBS level was increased from 84.93 mg/dL (baseline) to 87.00 mg/dL at week 4 (P<0.05) and to 95.33 mg/dL at week 8 (P<0.001). Conclusion: This 8-week study demonstrated that FBS levels may decrease in children with OCs own advantages and shortcomings. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/410 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/410/405

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 1 2 2006 06 15 84 85 Hossein Khalili Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Majid Sadeghi Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Mental Health Hospital Esmail Shahsavand Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Mental Health Hospital Padideh Ghaeli Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Mental Health Hospital 2015 10 17 Objective: To report the case of a 28-year old hypercholesterolemic female with postpartum depression, whose triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels decreased while being treated with fluoxetine. Method: A 28-year old female, with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder with postpartum onset based on DSM-IV criteria, was hospitalized at a mental health hospital. Her past history included another episode of depression 4 months after giving birth to her second child, which was 12 years prior to her recent episode. Her serum total cholestrol and triglyceride levels were measured prior to the initiation of medication. Then fluoxetine was initiated at a daily dose of 20 mg and had been increased to 40 mg per day at the time of discharge. The lipid profile measurements was repeated at week 4 and 8 following treatment. Results: Total cholesterol level was reduced from 242 mg/dL at baseline to 224 mg/dL at week 4 and to 202 mg/dL at week 8; triglyceride level was decreased from 516 mg/dL to 448 mg/dL at week 4 and to 404 mg/dL at week 8. Conclusions: Fluoxetine may be an appropriate treatment for hyperlipidemic women with postpartum depression. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/411 https://ijps.