Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 129 131 Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, And Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2015 10 17 #No Abstract# https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/452 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/452/446

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 132 136 Behzad Hajarizadeh UNAIDS country office, Tehran, Iran Behnam Sadeghirad Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Ali-Akbar Haghdoost Department of Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Physiology Research Centre, Kerman, Iran London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Ali Mirzazadeh Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Physiology Research Centre, Kerman, Iran 2015 10 17 Abstract: In contrast to traditional reviews, systematic reviews explore theliterature on a specific topic comprehensively using a well-defined protocol and recruit the findings of eligible studies after the assessment of their qualities, using a clear and reproducible method. Checking the assumptions, we may merge the findings of recruited studies in a systematic review and use metaanalysis techniques not only to estimate the pooled effect but also to assess the possible sources of heterogeneity and the extend of heterogeneity in the findings . Generally, randomized clinical trials are the most common type of studies which are recruiting in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, we couldn't ignore the importance of observational studies particularly in sensitivity topics with ethical limitations against interventional studies. Although we are usually faced with wide variations in the methodology of observational studies even in narrow topics, systematic review and meta-analysis of their results can generatevaluable findings. They are particularly useful for explaining the source of heterogeneity in the results of primary observational studies .In this paper, we review the basic concepts of the systematic review and metaanalysis and their main applications in summarizing the findings of observational studies with respect to their advantages and limitations. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/453 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/453/447

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 137 150 Ali Farhoudian Iranian Research Center for Substance Abuse and Dependence, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vandad Sharifi Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Homayoun Amini Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anahita Basirnia Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bita Mesgarpour Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naghmeh Mansouri Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoomeh Amin-Esmaeeli Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niloofar Salesian Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohmmad Reza Mohammadi Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Yousefi-Nooraie Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: Taking the diversity of the methodologies applied in prevalence studies of psychiatric disorders in Iran and their heterogeneous results into consideration, there seems to be need for a systematic review in order to compile the findings and seek appropriate recommendations for future studies. This study aims at systematically identifying studies conducted in Iran describing the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in general population, and to summarize the findings of these studies. Method: To identify the relevant studies, several databases including Pubmed Medline, ISI Web of Science, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Irandoc, IranPsych, IranMedex, Scientific Information Database as well as reference lists of the accessed documents, unpublished reports, conference proceedings and dissertations were searched. In the next step, the original studies which contained an estimation of prevalence of 'any psychiatric disorder' (overall prevalence) among a sample of general population in the country were selected. This was followed by data extraction, presentation of the results, quality assessment and quantitative pooling of estimated rates of prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Results: A total number of 35 studies were included. Estimations provided for prevalence rates in different groups illustrate diversity and heterogeneity; the rates varied in the range of 1.9-58.8%. Most of the studies had assessed the point prevalence of the disorders conducted using screening instruments. The median point prevalence has been reported to be 28.70% in screening studies, and 18.60% in studies using diagnostic interviews. Pooled estimates obtained through meta-analysis for screening and diagnostic studies were 29.1% and 21.9%,respectively. The results of the studies which have used diagnostic interviews as their data collection tool showed less heterogeneity than the ones using screening instruments. In quality assessment of the studies, only one third proved to be of high quality. Conclusion: Even though the pooled rates for prevalence of psychiatric disorders are comparable to the rates in many other countries, the most important finding of this study is the diversity of the prevalence rates among different communities in Iran. This diversity does not seem to be attributed solely to the different time frames and geographical locations of the studies. It might also have resulted from differences in methodologies (e.g., using different tools), study procedures and study quality. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/454 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/454/448

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 151 156 Anahita Basirnia Elahe Sahimi-Izadian Mohammad Arbabi Zahra Bayay Sanaz Vahid-Vahdat Ahmad Ali Noorbala Reza Yousefi-Nooraie Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Firoozeh Raisi 2015 10 17 Objective: The aim of the present study is to perform a systematic review of studies that have investigated the prevalence of sexual disorders in Iran. Method: A broad search was conducted in Pubmed Medline, ISI web of Science, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and three Iranian databases, including IranPsych, IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID). To cover those studies that were not published, we did a hand searching of all theses, reports and congresses abstract booklets which were available in IranPsych and universities' libraries. Then we included original studies which reported the prevalence of sexual disorders and data extraction was performed with two researchers for each document. Results: five studies were finally included, one in men and the others in women. There was a great heterogeneity between studies and performing metaanalysis was impossible. Conclusion: Prevalence rates of mental disorders were reported in a wide range in different studies. More high quality studies with standard instruments are necessary in this field. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/455 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/455/449

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 157 164 Mitra Hefazi Mental Health Office, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran Elaheh Sahimi-Izadian Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Emran M Razaghi Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Yousefi-Nooraie Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mc Master University, Ontario, Canada 2015 10 17 Objectives: The mean age of cigarette smoking has decreased along with an increase in its prevalence, in developing countries. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of lifetime, current and daily smoking among middle school students in Iran . Methods: Various search methods have been used in this study including searching different international databanks such as Pubmed, ISI web of Science, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Embase, as well as domestic databanks including IranPsych and IranMedex. All original studies and researches in Persian or English, which had described any kind of use including lifetime, current and daily use of cigarette, hookah, and pipe among middle school students, were included in the study with no restriction on date of publication, and were qualitatively assessed. Subsequent to data extraction, heterogeneity test was carried out on indicators for which more than two studies were found, and meta-analysis was done using random effects model . Results: The combined prevalence of lifetime, current and daily cigarette smoking were calculated as 14.2% (95% CI: 6.6-21.7), 2.7% (95% CI: 0.5- 5.9) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6-2.8), respectively. The combined prevalence of 'current tobacco use of all kinds' was 15% (95% CI: 10.4-19.5), as well. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking in this age range is lower in Iran compared to other countries. However, a conclusion cannot be made about the changes in the prevalence of smoking in recent years. Moreover, studies carried out to the present have several qualitative limitations, which points to the necessity of high quality repeated surveys https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/456 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/456/450

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 165 173 Reza Yusefi Nouraee Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Seyed Jafar Bolhari Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naghmeh Mansouri Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Vahid Shariat Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Banafsheh Gharraee Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afarin Rahimi Movaghar Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: This study aims at conducting a systematic review of the researches performed to determine case finding rates throughout the integration of Mental Health Services into PHC over recent twenty years . Method : Through electronic search, major national and international databases including Pubmed, PsychInfo, and EMBase were investigated. All original studies and researches in Persian or English, which had described psychiatric case finding in the PHC, classified as severe and mild mental disorders,epilepsy, mental retardation, and other disorders, were included in the study and were qualitatively assessed. Subsequent to data extraction, heterogeneity test was carried out on all of the studies and each subgroup. Meta-analysis was not applicable as a result of the wide range and heterogeneity of the reported results. Results: Overall, ten studies were included. Case finding rate ranged from 0.07 to 2.04 per thousand for severe mental disorders, 0.5 to 7.6 per thousand for mild mental disorders, 0.5 to 3.9 per thousand for epilepsy, and 0.64 to 3.94 per thousand for mental retardation. Conclusion: Case finding rates reported in the selected studies are highly different from the prevalence of the disorders throughout the ountry. It seems that the program has been functioning more effectively in case of some of the disorders such as mental retardation, while it has been less efficient in finding mild mental disorder cases. These results reflect the fact that despite its partial achievements in the field of case finding, the integration program is still far from the desirable rates and there is need for revision of its content of the integration program especially screening and diagnostic tools, training contents, and implementation methods. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/457 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/457/451

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 2 4 2007 12 15 174 180 Zohreh Abarashi Reza Yousefi-Nooraie Afarin Rahimi Movaghar on. Thirty-three age and sex-matched children ‎selected from the regional schools were recruited for the control group. They did not have any ‎psychiatric disorders according to K-SADS. The Figural TTCT and Raven Intelligence test were conducted ‎for the controls as well. ‎ Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the intelligence score and the mean±SD of the total ‎score of creativity between children with ADHD (125.2 ± 42.6) and the control group (130.6 ± 47.5) (P ‎value = 0.49). Children with ADHD had worse function in fluency and flexibility items and were not ‎different in originality and elaboration items.‎ Conclusion: The creativity of children with ADHD is not different from that of the control group.‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/708 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/708/557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 2 2016 06 01 104 114 EN Mohammadrasoul Khalkhali Department of Psychiatry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Setareh Aram‎ Department of Psychiatry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Homa Zarrabi Department of Psychiatry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Moosa Kafie Department of Psychology, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran Abtin Heidarzadeh Department of Community Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran 2016 05 31 2016 05 31 Objective: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are frequently used in first-line treatments for patients ‎with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nevertheless, many of these patients do not ‎respond well to initial therapy. The hypothesis of glutamatergic dysfunction in specific ‎brain regions has been proposed in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive ‎disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the possible efficacy of lamotrigine, a ‎glutamatergic agent in Serotonin reuptake inhibitors-resistant patients with obsessive-‎compulsive disorder.‎ Method: This study was a 12-week, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ‎adjunctive fixed-doses of lamotrigine (100 mg) to Serotonin reuptake inhibitors therapy ‎in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eligible subjects who had a total Y-BOCS of 21 or ‎above were randomly assigned to receive adjunctive treatment with either lamotrigine ‎‎(n = 26), or placebo (n = 27). Response to lamotrigine was defined as clinical ‎improvement (>25% decrease in the total Y-BOCS score), which was administered at ‎weeks 0, 8 and 12.‎ Results: At the endpoint (week 12), significant differences were observed in obsession, ‎compulsion, and total Y-BOCS scores comparing lamotrigine to placebo (P = 0.01, ‎‎0.005 and 0.007 respectively). The mean reduction in obsession, compulsion and total ‎scores in lamotrigine group was about 4.15, 4.50 and 8.73, respectively. Similarly, the ‎mean reductions in the placebo group were 2.52, 2.56 and 5.07. Effect sizes for efficacy ‎measures were calculated by Cohen’s d, and it was calculated as 0.54 for the total ‎YBOCS.‎ Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that this augmentation is well tolerated and may be an ‎effective strategy for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.‎‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/709 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/709/558

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 2 2016 06 01 115 119 EN Seyyed Salman Alavi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereshteh Jannatifard Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soroush Mohammadi Kalhori Young Researchers and Elite Club, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Ghazal Sepahbodi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad BabaReisi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sahar Sajedi‎ Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Farshchi‎