Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 1 8 Mohammad Ali Besharat Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 This paper highlights a variety of personality disorders in individuals with eating disorder and also emphasizes the importance of identifying clinically meaningful eating disorders subtypes based on concurrent personality disorder. The relationship between personality disorders and eating disorders is an important issue as this association has implications for assessment and treatment. Different hypotheses concerning the relationship between personality disorders and eating disorders will be reviewed. The prevalence rates of concomitant personality disorder diagnoses in eating disorder patients is highlighted to illustrate some of the pertinent conceptual issues concerning the meaning of the co-occurrence of separately defined diagnostic entities. The literature review reveals a robust finding that patients withersonality pathology have a poorer response to treatment of Axis I disorders than those without such pathology. It is also argued that therapeutic relationship deserves more attention in the assessment and treatment of eating disorder patients with a co morbid personality disorder. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/460 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/460/484

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 9 15 Zahra Hooshyari Marvdasht Islamic Azad University Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center ,Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran Ali Delavar Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: Evaluation and diagnosis are determinants of treatment outcome; therefore, diagnostic tools should be accurate. The purpose of the present research is construction and norm-finding of a rating scale for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A checklist based on behavioral symptoms of ADHD from clinical sources was constructed, based on interview with patients and the medical records. After being studied by specialists, this checklist was reduced to items and arranged in a rating scale format. The study population included Tehran's elementary school students (boys and girls) from which a sample of 800 children was chosen in a random-cluster manner. Then teachers were asked to rate the students according to the scale characteristics. After two weeks, the subjects were tested and interviewed using a corrected form of the scale, the rating scale of Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). After data analysis the scale was reduced to 23 items. Results: According to the results of the analysis, the scale had two factors: The first factor was hyperactivity that explained 37.41%, and the second factor was attention deficit that explained 33.78% of the total variance . Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 and the alpha of the two subscales, hyperactivity and attention deficit, was 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. Spearman-Brown Coefficient was 0.78 and scale coefficient correlation with a similar from (SNAP-IV) was 0.82. Criterion validity coefficient of the scale was 0.76 and the content validity of the scale was confirmed by the experts. According to sensitivity analysis of the trait, the cutoff point of the scale was 35. Considering the above findings, we can safely use the above scale in clinical studies. Conclusion: Considering the obtained values in the psychometric indexes and the consensus among specialists on the basis of test content validity and also considering the calculation methods of the cutoff point, we can safely use this scale in different clinical situations, epidemiological studies, and other researches and also for studying ADHD children especially when teachers deal with evaluation of children behavior. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/461 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/461/485

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 16 19 Ali Akbar Nejatisafa Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamran Balighi Department of dermatology, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid Farnia Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Arbabi Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran katayoon Yazdchi Psychiatry and psychology Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: This study aimed to detail the phenomenology and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with pathologic skin picking (PSP). Method: Forty five subjects (30% males) with PSP (mean S.D. =33.210.9) were assessed. Subjects were assessed for psychiatric co morbidity using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess obsessive compulsive symptoms; the Dermatology quality of life index(DLQI) was utilized to evaluate the quality of life in patients; and clinical severity using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was employed for evaluating skin picking behavior. Results: The mean time after (S.D.) the onset of PSP was 6.62.4years.Twenty eight (62.2%) individuals had a bimodal GHQ score higher than five which implied probable mental disorder, and twenty two (48.9%) of the individuals with PSP had significant obsessive compulsive disorder. The severity of impairment of quality of life status was increased with increment of mental disorder severity. Conclusion: PSP appears to be time consuming and frequently associated with psychiatric co morbidities. Considerations should be made on the relationship between psychiatric co morbidity and quality of life in PSP diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/462 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/462/486

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 20 25 S. Mohammad Reza Taghavi Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Ferdos Gomashchi Department of Social Studies, University of Police (Niroye- entezami), Tehran, Iran Seyed Hossein Salimi Research Center for Exercise Physiology, Department of Psychology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: The present study focuses on the effectiveness of problem-solving training program on female and male PTSD survivors of Bam earthquake in Iran. Method: Female and male subjects were requested to fill in several questionnaires including clinical interview, coping skills questionnaire, and a demographic form. The subjects also participated in a problem-solving training program. Results: The results showed that the training program was effective for both sex groups. The sex groups did not show significant differences on PTSD symptoms in the post-test phase. Females tended to maintain their emotionfocused skills in post-test phase while the males did not. However, for both groups the mean scores of problem coping skills similarity increased. Although the mean scores of some PTSD symptoms were increased for the female group, the majority of PTSD symptoms decreased for both sexes in the posttest phase. Conclusion: It may be concluded that females are more likely to show PTSD symptoms than males. In addition, they may predispose to maintain negative attitudes towards life events than males. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/463 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/463/487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 26 31 Mehdi Tehranidoost Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Alavi Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Shahrivar Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheil Saadat Assistant professor of Epidemiology, Trauma Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the mental health status of 6 - 11 year-old children of Tehran in a community-based sample using the Persian version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Parent-report. Method: Parents of 799 children (6 to 11 years old) were selected from 250 clusters of the entire 22 municipality areas of Tehran; they responded to 25 questions of the Persian version of SDQ parent-report form. The mean score in each subscale and the frequency of each symptom domains based on the Goodman's cutoff points, were determined. Results: The prevalence of symptom domain was relatively high. Among the studied children, 25.8% had total score equal to 17 or more. The most frequent problem domain was conduct. The studied boys had statistically significant higher mean scores in hyperactivity and peer problem subscales. Conclusion: Frequency of all the problem symptom domains was high in children from different urban areas of Tehran. Further evaluation for the reason of such a high frequency is necessary. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/464 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/464/488

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 32 36 Mehri Gholami Mental Health Research Center,Tehran Psychiatric Institue, Iran University Medical Science,Tehran, Iran Hadi Teimoori Iran University Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Amir Shabani Mental Health Research Center,Tehran Psychiatric Institue, Iran University Medical Science,Tehran, Iran Morteza Naserbakht Mental Health Research Center,Tehran Psychiatric Institue, Iran University Medical Science,Tehran, IranNikan Health Research Center,Tehran,Iran Masood Ahmadzad Asl Mental Health Research Center,Tehran Psychiatric Institue, Iran University Medical Science,Tehran, Iran Nikan Health Research Center,Tehran,Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: Depression is the most common co-morbid psychiatric disorder in patients with epilepsy. Yet it remains under recognized and under-treated. For depression screening in this patient need to a convenient questionnaire for patients with epilepsy. This questionnaire has shown high sensitivity for depression screening in many studies. The center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in studies of late-life depression. The CES-D is easy to use in most settings. Method: Two groups of patients from two hospital centers were selected to participate in this study: the control group and the experimental group which included patients with approved diagnosis of epilepsy, regardless of any type of seizures. Then all the subjects went through a semi structural clinical interview for (SCID-I) DSM-IV by one psychiatrist. Consequently, all the patients completed the CES-D 10 items questionnaire along with the interview. In the two groups, the CESD scale cut-off point was obtained using ROC analysis. Results: The optimal cut-off score of CES-D in the both group was .3. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predicted values in the epileptic group were 86.4%, 55.3%and 60% ; and sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictedvalues in the control group were 72.7% ,68.6%, 38.3% respectively. Conclusion: It appears that CES-D 10 items is an appropriate tool for screening patients with epilepsy, particularly if the multi-stage screening system is used with other methods. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/465 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/465/489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 37 42 Mohammad Yaghoubi Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohsen Yazdani Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Victoria Omranifard Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahshid Namdari Medicine and Health Promotion Institute,Tehran, Iran 2015 10 17 Objective: We aimed to describe psychiatrists' attributions on non-compliance related issues resulting in re-hospitalizations of psychiatric patients. Method: In a cross sectional study, we included 500 randomly selected psychiatric readmitted patients and registered their demographic data (including age, sex, job, marital status, and educational level), and psychiatric clinical data including diagnosis, medications, and presence of psychiatric disorders in family members). Possible noncompliance issues by means of type and causes were asked through a structured interview by a psychiatrist. Results: Non-compliance was reported as a possible cause of admission in 441 88.2) of the re-hospitalized cases. No insight to disease (n=295; 59%), and feeling of cure (n=138; 27.6%) were the 2 most prevalent causes for noncompliance of the patients . Conclusion: It seems that non-compliance, as a prevalent factor, possibly causes readmission in psychiatric wards. Providing a better insight to disease and to instruct patients to take their medications even if they have some feeling of cure is important to decrease such problems. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/466 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/466/490

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 3 1 2008 03 15 43 45 Firoozeh Raisi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran<_US">Objective: Children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) react explosively and inappropriately to emotional stimuli. It could be hypothesized that these children have some impairment in attending to emotional cues. Based on this hypothesis, we conducted this study to evaluate visual directions of children with ADHD towards paired emotional scenes. Method: thirty boys between the ages of 6 and 11 years diagnosed with ADHD were compared with 30 age-matched normal boys. All participants were presented paired emotional and neutral scenes in the four following categories: pleasant-neutral; pleasant-unpleasant; unpleasant-neutral; and neutral – neutral. Meanwhile, their visual orientations towards these pictures were evaluated using the eye tracking system. The number and duration of first fixation and duration of first gaze were compared between the two groups using the MANOVA analysis. The performance of each group in different categories was also analyzed using the Friedman test. Results: With regards to duration of first gaze, which is the time taken to fixate on a picture before moving to another picture, ADHD children spent less time on pleasant pictures compared to normal group ,while they were looking at pleasant – neutral and unpleasant – pleasant pairs. The duration of first gaze on unpleasant pictures was higher while children with ADHD were looking at unpleasant – neutral pairs (P<0.01). Conclusion: based on the findings of this study it could be concluded that children with ADHD attend to unpleasant conditions more than normal children which leads to their emotional reactivity. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/205 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/205/201

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 7 2 2012 06 15 97 103 Alireza Khoshnevisan Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Sistany Allahabadi 2015 10 14 Localization of brain lesions and prevention of damage to vital structures are important in operation of brain pathologies. Despite development of many techniques including angiography, MRI, sonography, and frame base stereotaxy, a more accurate localizing technique is still needed (1, 2). A step forward to achieve this goal is to develop a navigation system. In this manuscript, we explained some clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages of navigation system and tried to have a short glimpse on its future. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/203 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/