Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 188 196 Zohre Nasiri Zarch Educational Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Sayed Mahdi Marashi Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Hojatollah Raji Bahrami Children's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Emotional communication and economic factors play an important role in having a satisfying relationship and a more successful marriage. In this regard, we investigated the 10-year outcome of partners from three different economic levels regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and marital satisfaction.The research was designed as a descriptive-correlative survey and data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression.Participants were 159 couples (N = 318) who were randomly selected through clustered sampling. The questionnaires included: Bar-on Emotional Intelligence (1997) and Enrich Marital satisfaction (1989).The findings revealed that the average values of emotional intelligence (m = 333.1) and marital satisfaction (m = 300.77) were high in the under-rich region (p<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between interpersonal and marital satisfaction within the under-rich region. On average, emotional intelligence accounted for 40.8% of marital satisfaction within those three regions (p<0.01).The results of the regression analysis showed that general mood is the most effective factor changing marital satisfaction in the three studied regions (R2= 0.34), rich (R2= 0.42) and semi-rich (R2= 0.52) regions (p<0.01). The most influential factor changing marital satisfaction in the under-rich (R2= 0.28) region was found to be stress management (p<0.01). https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/76 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/76/72

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 197 202 Nastaran Ahmadi Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohsen Araghi Isfahan University, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Isfahan, Iran Hadi Zarafshan Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the differences between ADHD subtypes in executive function tasks compared to themselves and normal controls. Method: In this study, 45 school aged children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 30 normal children who were matched based on age and IQ score in Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) were compared in terms of executive function. We used Wisconsin Sorting Card Test to assess executive function in both groups. We also used children's scores in Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) for diagnosing ADHD and specifying ADHD subtypes. Data were entered in SPSS-17 and analyzed by T-test and ANOVA static tests to clarify the differences between ADHD and controls and between ADHD subtypes. Scheffe's test was also used to identify which groups were different from one another. The mean and standard divisions (SD) were used for descriptive analysis. Results: ADHD subtypes are significantly different in terms of perseverative responses (p≤ 0/01) and perseverative errors (p≤ 0/001). Based on Scheffe's test, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders-Hyperactive type (ADHD-H) is not that different from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders-Inattention type (ADHD-I) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders-Combined type (ADHD-C), but there are significant responses and perseverative differences between ADHD-I and ADHD-C in terms of perseverative errors. ADHD-C shows more perseverative responses and perseverative errors than ADHD-I. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that executive function patterns are different in children with ADHD compared to normal children. In this study it was also found that ADHD subtypes are also different in terms of perseveration and response inhibition domains; ADHD-C has more deficits in these domains. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/74 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/74/70

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 203 208 Ali Mehraban Department of Psychiatry, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamal Shams Department of Psychiatry, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sirous Moamenzade Department of anesthesiology, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mehdi Samimi Department of Psychiatry, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sahar Rafiee Department Psychology & Education, Alleme-Tababtabaee University of Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Zademohamadi Department of Psychiatry, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: Chronic pain is a common disorder with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorder that imposes a worse prognosis on both conditions. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is estimated to be the fourth most prevalent life time psychiatric disorder, but yet has gained less attention in chronic pain comorbidity researches." Methods: Ninety three heterogeneous chronic pain patients who attended a pain clinic in Tehran (Iran) in an outpatient setting during three months were included in this study. Diagnosis was made by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID).The mean age of the patients was 46.37 (SD 15.005) years; of the patients, 66.7% were female and 33.3% were male. The mean duration of pain was 34.43 (SD 51.422) months. The mean pain severity on numerical pain scale was 5.82 (SD 1.950) from 10. Results: The mean pain site number was 3.68 (SD 3.401) from the maximum of 27 places. Furthermore, 61.3% of the participants were diagnosed with lifetime OCD, 25.8% with subclinical OCD and 61.5 % with major depressive disorder (MDD). OCD diagnosis was not correlated with MDD or pain intensity. Female gender was associated with OCD (OD; 4.182, 95% CL (1.655-10.568)). Pain intensity was correlated with MDD (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The high prevalence of OCD was comorbidity, independent of MDD and most pain characteristics. The high prevalence of OCD may be explained by the high rate of undiagnosed cause of pain as well as cultural and local factors. Using screening tests is suggested for tackling under diagnosis and under treatment of OCD and MDD. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/72 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/72/68

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 209 215 Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatric and Psychology Research Center, Department of Psychiatriy and Psychology, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Keshavarzi Mental Health Clinic, 372, Dastgerdi (Zafar) Street, Valie Asr Ave., Tehran, Iran Siavash Talepasand Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran 2015 10 14 The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a computer - based training program of attention, memory and executive functions in enhancing neuropsychological performances as well as functional outcome in clients with schizophrenia.A total of 15 clinically stable out patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for schizophrenia, diagnosed with different types of schizophrenia: paranoid, disorganized, residual, based on DSM- IV-TR were selected to participate in this study. All patients were randomly selected using a conventional sampling method and assigned to 60 hours individual sessions of computer - assisted cognitive remediation (CACR).This was a pre- experimental study with pretest and posttest in a single group. Cognitive functions were checked with Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wds) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). The symptoms of patients were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Remediation was performed utilizing the Rehacome® software. Patients received the cognitive remediation program including attention, concentration and working memory. All participants were followed up after an interval of one month and three months. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis.After 3 months, the findings showed that patients' scores improved in the time factor. Also, a significant improvement favoring cognitive remediation was found in several cognitive measures including Reaction Time (F = 4015p<.05, Eta = 0.242), Wds (F = 11.806, p<.05,Eta = .48) PRMQ1(F = 3.314, p<.05, Eta = 0.20) PRMQ7(F = 2.85, p<.05, Eta = 0.18).Computer-assisted cognitive remediation training program was effective in improving the performance of schizophrenic patients. CACR did not have any effects on the positive and negative symptoms. Long- term follow-up studies are needed to confirm the maintenance of such improvements. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/58 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/58/54

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 216 221 Mahdi Moeini University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran Ali Khaleghi Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Nasrin Amiri University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran Zahra Niknam University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: The aim of this study was to achieve a better understanding of schizoaffective disorder. Therefore, we obtained electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from patients with schizoaffective disorder and analyzed them in comparison to normal subjects. Method: Forty patients with schizoaffective disorder and 40 normal subjects were selected randomly and their electroencephalogram signals were recorded based on 10-20 international system by 23 electrodes in open- and closed-eyes while they were sitting on a chair comfortably. After pre-processing for noise removal and artifact reduction, we took 60- second segments from each recorded signals. Then, the absolute and relative powers of these segments were evaluated in all channels and in 4 frequency bands (i.e., delta, theta, alpha and beta waves). Finally, Data were analyzed by independent t-test using SPSS software. Results: A significant decrease in relative power in the alpha band, a significant decrease in power spectra in the alpha band and a significant increase in power spectra in the beta band were found in patients compared to normal subjects (P < 0.05). The predominant wave in the centro-parietal region was the beta wave in patients, but it was the alpha band in normal subjects (P = 0.048). Also, the predominant wave of the occipital region in patients was the delta wave, while it was the alpha wave in normal subjects (P = 0.038). Conclusion: Considering the findings, particularly based on the significant decrease of the alpha waves in schizoaffective patients, it can be concluded that schizoaffective disorder can be seen in schizophrenia spectrum. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/70 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/70/66

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 222 227 Mahnaz Haghighi Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazerron Branch, Iran Maedeh Khaterizadeh Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazerron Branch, Iran Gholamreza Chalbianloo Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran Sholeh Toobaei Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazerron Branch, Iran Ahmad Ghanizadeh Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz, Iran ; Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2015 10 14 Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problem during childhood and in school-aged children. Various projection drawings have been designed for assessing children’s personality and psychological disorders including the tests of draw a person (DAP) and draw a family (DAF). We aimed to compare the differences between typically developing children and children with ADHD using these tests. Methods: In this case-control study, all the 9-10 year-old boy students studying at the third and fourth grades were enrolled from schools in the 2nd educational district of Shiraz, south of Iran. Eighty students were then selected and enrolled into the ADHD group and the control group. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition- text Revised (DSM-IV-TR), and the Child Symptoms Inventory were used to diagnose the children with ADHD. We evaluated and analyzed impulsiveness, non-impulsiveness, emotional problems and incompatibility indices in the DAP and DAF tests in each group. Results: A significant difference was found in the indices of incompatibility and emotional problems, impulsiveness, nonimpulsiveness and DAF between typically developing children and those with ADHD. The mean (±SD) total scores of the above mentioned indices in the ADHD group were 19.79(±2.94), 12.31(±1.84), 5.26(±2.29) and 5.89(±2.13), respectively (P<0.001). The corresponding figures for these indices in the normal group were 12.11(±4.74), 5.63(±2), 10.36± (2.33) and 2.88(±2.13), respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Significant differences were obtained between the control group and children with ADHD using these two drawing tests. The rate of impulsivity and emotional problems indices in drawings of children with ADHD was markedly more common than those of the typically developing children. This suggests the need for further assessment to screen ADHD. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/68 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/68/64

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 9 4 2014 12 15 228 236 Esfandiar Azad Marzabadi Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Tehran. Iran Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Zadeh Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Tehran. Iran 2015 10 14 2016 10 09 173 177 EN Roya Najafi-Vosough Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Ali Ghaleiha Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Javad Faradmal Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. AND Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Canter, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Hossein Mahjub Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical ‎Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. AND Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2016 08 23 2016 08 23 Objective: The aim of this study was to identify prognosis factors associated with recurrence in patients ‎with bipolar disorder.‎‎ Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hamadan Province, the west of Iran. All ‎patients (n = 400) with bipolar disorder who were hospitalized for the second time or more ‎during April 2008 to September 2014 were included in this study. Ordinal logistic regression ‎analysis was employed to determine the effective factors in each recurrence, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained.‎ Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants at the entrance to the study was 34.62 (11.68) years. ‎There was an association between recurrence and type of bipolar disorder (P = 0.033). The ‎OR of recurrence was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.90) for bipolar disorder II; 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, ‎‎0.92) for the patients‎‏ ‏with college education; 0.39 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.60) for employed ‎patients; 0.55 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.87) for patients who received both drugs and ‎electroconvulsive therapy, and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.92) for patients who stopped using ‎drugs. In addition, a non-significant association was found between recurrence and age, sex, ‎marital status, place of residence, season, mood classification and family history of mood ‎disorder.‎ Conclusion: Type of bipolar disorder and cessation of medication were the leading causes of an increase in ‎the relapse of the disease. Furthermore, patients who received both drugs and ‎electroconvulsive therapy had a fewer risk of recurrence.‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/773 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/773/566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 3 2016 10 09 178 184 EN Dushad Ram Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnakata, India. Darshan Mahegowda Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnakata, India.‎ Basavana Gowdappa H Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, MG Road Agrahara, ‎Mysore. 2016 08 23 2016 08 23 Objective: Suicide attempt may follow a process right from the inception of the first information about ‎suicide until the act itself. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between ‎perception of suicide prevention with the process of suicide attempt and demographic ‎variables following a suicidal attempt.‎ Method: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 168 consecutive admitted participants with a ‎suicide attempt were screened, and 109 who met the study criteria were recruited to ‎participate in this study before discharge. They were assessed using the socio-demographic ‎and clinical proforma designed for this study as well as by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. To ‎assess the process of suicide attempt and perception of suicide prevention, a 17- item ‎questionnaire was developed and used after rigorous literature search. The Cronbach’s ‎alpha coefficient value of this questionnaire found to be 0.84 in the reliability analysis.‎ Results: Media was the first source of information, and the majority had short duration of ‎preoccupation and interval between making the decision and the actual attempt and the ‎control of emotion during the attempt. A significant positive correlation was observed ‎between the source of the first information and age (p<01), reason for the method used and ‎economic status (p<01), duration since the first information and family history of suicide (p<01). Psychiatric diagnosis had a statistically significant association with the method used (p<01), duration of preoccupation (p<01), preparedness (p<01) and emotional state during ‎the attempt (p<01). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the ‎source of the first information and education (p<01), any psychiatric diagnosis and duration ‎since the first death wish (p<01). On the score of perception about suicide prevention, a ‎significant group difference was observed for marital status, occupation, medical diagnosis, ‎opinion about an attempt, duration since the decision to attempt, and emotional control ‎during the attempt.‎ Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that perception of suicide prevention may vary ‎with the process of suicide attempts and demographic characteristics.‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/774 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/774/567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 3 2016 10 09 185 190 EN Seyed Saeed Sadr Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of ‎Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. razieh nayerifard Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of ‎Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. massood namjoo Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 12 07 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the current factors affecting the choice of ‎psychiatry as a specialty and to detect the main factors in their choice.‎ Method: This descriptive study included 75 first year psychiatry residents in the academic year of ‎‎2014/2015. A Likert-type anonymous questionnaire consisting of academic and ‎demographic data with 43 questions, which evaluated the reason for choosing ‎psychiatry as a specialty, was given to the residents.‎ Results: The participants had a positive opinion about 28 items of the questionnaire, meaning that ‎these items had a positive effect in choosing psychiatry as a specialty (questions with P ‎value less than 0.05 and a positive mean). More than 80% of the residents had a positive ‎opinion about six items of the questionnaire (amount of intellectual challenge, variety of ‎knowledge fields relevant to psychiatry, emphasis on the patient as a whole person, the ‎importance of treating mental illnesses in the future, work pressure and stress of the ‎field during residency and coordinating with the person's life style). The participants ‎had a negative opinion about two items of the questionnaire (questions with a P value ‎less than 0.05 and a negative mean). They included experiencing mental illness ‎personally through relatives or close friends as well as the income in psychiatry. ‎Moreover, 36% of the residents with a more definite opinion mentioned that they chose ‎psychiatry as a specialty because of the limitations in residency exam.‎ Conclusion: Assistants had a positive opinion about most of the questions and this positive attitude ‎seemed to be an important factor in their specialty choice. However, attending to the ‎preventing factors may increase the selection of psychiatry as a specialty.‎ https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/565 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/565/568

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 11 3 2016 10 09