Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 1 9 EN Somaye Arabzadeh Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Atefeh Zeinoddini Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed-Ali Mostafavi Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Hamedi Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abolfazl Ehyaii Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Ghaleiha Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Arefeh Zeinoddini Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahin Akhondzadeh Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2018 02 14 Objective: Although the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still uncertain, a variety of predisposing mechanisms have been implicated including inflammatory cascades. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of acetaminophen as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor in treating patients with schizophrenia. Method: A double-blind clinical trial was performed on 52 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Patients received risperidone (up to 6 mg/day) plus either acetaminophen (975mg/day) or placebo. Psychotic symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at the onset of the trial, and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post therapy. Results: Compared to the placebo group, the acetaminophen group showed no significant difference in any subtypes of PANSS. Moreover, the side effect profiles of the 2treatment regimens were not significantly different. Conclusion: Acetaminophen adjuvant to risperidone showed no significant effect in ameliorating symptoms of schizophrenia.   https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/1320 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/1320/710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 80 83 EN Nahid Momeni Safarabad Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali-Asghar Asgharnejad Farid Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Banafsheh Gharraee Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Habibi Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 01 06 Objective: This study aimed at reporting the effect of the 3-phase model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of a patient with borderline personality disorder. Method: A 33-year-old female, who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for borderline personality disorder, received a 20-session therapy based on the 3-phase model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Borderline Personality Disorder Checklist (BPD-Checklist), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES-II), Beck Depression Inventory-II-second edition (BDI-II), and Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were filled out by the patient at all treatment phases and at the 3- month follow- up. Results: According to the obtained results, the patient’s pretest scores in all research tools were 161, 44, 37, and 38 for BPD-Checklist, DES-II, BDI-II, and BAI, respectively. After treatment, these scores decreased significantly (69, 14, 6 and 10 respectively). So, the patient exhibited improvement in borderline personality disorder, dissociative, depression and anxiety symptoms, which were maintained after the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: The results supported the positive effect of phasic model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on borderline personality disorder. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/926 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/926/721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 55 64 EN Diana Sarokhani Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Masoumeh Parvareh Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran AND Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Kourosh Sayehmiri Department of Biostatistics, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Abbas Moghimbeigi Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2016 11 03 Objective: depression is one of the most serious and prevalent mood disorders. Aging population is an important economic, social, and health challenge of the 21st century. The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of depression among the Iranian elderly through meta-analysis method. Method: Studies were searched in ISI, Scopus, Pub Med, Google Scholar, and in Iranian databases including Iran Medex, Magiran, SID, and Med Lib using the following keywords: “depression”, “prevalence”, and “elderly”. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis (random effects model). Heterogeneity among the results of the studies was examined by “I2” index. Beck, DASS-21, GHQ-28, and G DS questionnaires were used in this study, and analyses were performed using STATA Ver.11. Results: A total of 26 studies in Iran with a sample size of 5781 individuals had been found during 2001 and 2015. Prevalence of depression among Iranian elderly was estimated to be 43% (95% confidence interval (CI):30% - 55%). The findings showed that the prevalence of depression among Iranians were49% in women, 48% in men, 37% in unmarried, and 45%in the married. In addition, the prevalence of very severe, severe, moderate, and mild depression levels were estimated to be 5%, 19%, 33%, and 38% of the participants, respectively. No significant difference was observed between married and unmarried individuals. Most of Iranian elderly suffered from mild depression. Conclusion: There was high level of depression prevalence among Iranian elderly, and women were more depressed than men. So, policy makers must design and run mental health programs to decrease the prevalence of depression among Iranian elderly. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/852 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/852/719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 10 14 EN Omid Massah Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Afsaneh Moradi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran 2017 09 07 Objective: To date, there has been no specific survey of the prevalence of methamphetamine (MA) dependence among Iranian women in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). The current study aimed at addressing this critical gap in the literature. Method: This study was part of a larger cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in 36 MMT clinics in Tehran during 2015 and 2016. A researcher-designed questionnaire was devised to collect data on demographics and drug and treatment characteristics. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Results: Overall, 307 women were in the study sites. Of them, 275 were MA dependent (89.5%) while in MMT. The mean age of the participants, who were MA-dependent, was 38 years. Age of MA dependence was 30 years, and duration of MA dependence was 7years. However, only 24.3% of the participants were currently in MA treatment (i.e. Matrix Model). This was accompanied with high rates of psychiatric hospitalization (29.4%), anxiety (33.4%), and depression (50.9%) because of long years of untreated MA dependence. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of untreated MA dependence and its adverse health impacts among the participants. However, no considerable treatment for MA dependence had been received by the participants. Psychosocial treatments should address MA dependence in MMT in Iran. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/1194 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/1194/711

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 65 79 EN Mohammad Arbabi Neuropsychiatry Section of Iranian Psychiatric Association, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Shahhatami School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojtaba Mojtahed Zadeh Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Mohammadi Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Padideh Ghaeli Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 01 28 Objective: Delirium is a brain dysfunction syndrome. In most cases, this syndrome is neither diagnosed accurately nor treated properly. The incidence of delirium by itself increases hospitalization period, mortality rate and the cost in health spectrum. If appropriate attempts are not made to treat this complication, the outcomes could become worse. Thus, the present study aimed at conducting a review on medications which are prescribed to treat delirium and establishing a general view on their advantages and disadvantages. Method: By searching Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key journals, data were collected without time and language limitation. After collecting the data, comparing the similar or contradictory information, and sorting them, the views of specialists were inquired and duly received via email. By acquiring consensus of opinions, the secondary manuscript was written in a narrative review form. Discussion: This narrative review paper aimed at providing a general view on defining delirium, the pathologic factors that create it, and treating this syndrome based on its development. Authentic evidence regarding delirium management was reviewed and a treatment strategy was suggested for Iranian patients. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/948 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/948/720

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 15 21 EN Seyyed Salman Alavi Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Iran Maryam Ghanizadeh Master of Psychology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soroush Mohammadi Kalhory Young Researchers and Elite Club, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. Fereshteh Jannatifard Ministry of education, Tehran, Iran. Ghazal Sepahbodi Young Researchers and Elite Club, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. 2017 07 04 Objective: Smart phones have rapidly become an integral, and for some, an essential communication device worldwide. The issue of identity has always been a subject of interest among psychologists. The present study was conducted to compare personal and national identity and their subscales between cell phone addicts and non-addicts. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 500 student cell phone users from various universities in Tehran were recruited using stratified sampling. Participants completed cell phone addiction questionnaires including Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS), Cell Phone Dependency Questionnaire (CPDQ), Personal Identity Development Questionnaire, Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOMEIS) and National Identity Questionnaire. Then, the subscales of these instruments were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Results of this study revealed significant differences between cell phone addicts and non-addicts in the scores of national identity, personal identity, and most subscales, except for some subscales (P<0.05). In addition, a negative and significant relationship was found between personal and national identity and cell phone addiction (r=-0.35, -0.33, respectively).On the other hand, after controlling for the confounder variables, we found that national identity had an effect on cell phone addiction(OR=0.05, CI=0.92-0.98). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that cell phone overuse may be correlated with defects in some aspects of national and personal identity. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/1127 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/1127/712

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 13 1 2018 02 17 22 31 EN Mehdi Akbari Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Sayed Morteza Hossaini Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 01 04 Objective: The World Health Organization's definition of health now stands open to severe criticism due to changes in today's world and the accompanying mental void; in addition to physical, psychological, and social aspects, spiritual health and its interaction with the other aspects has been studied in scientific literature and recent research. The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between spiritual health with quality of life, psychological health, and burnout. Method: In this study, 231 staff from Baqiis is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, which cluster random sampling were used to selecting subjects. Young's Risk Behaviors Scale (YRBS) was used to evaluate risky behaviors and factors affecting it. The mean, standard deviation, Chi-square tests, t-tests and ANOVA were used to analysis of data. Results: The study was included 150 (50%) female and 150 (50%) male. The most frequency was the age group of 20-24 years old. There was a statistically significant difference between average scores of risky behaviors among female and male students (p˂0.05). The results of study showed that the prevalence of risky behaviors, high speed in driving and drug consumption is different in various fields of study (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University is relatively low, and the prevalence of these behaviors in girls was far less than male students. Risky behaviors were associated with background variables exception of mother's job.   https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/838 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/838/641

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 12 3 2017 06 28 194 200 EN hayder Al-kuraishy Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq. Ai Al-Gareeb Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq. 2016 09 17 Objective: The aim of present study was evaluation the effect of Panax Ginseng on malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels during eustress on normal healthy volunteers. Method: 65 healthy volunteers were recruited from medical students at college of medicine with age range (22.61±3.63) years, the volunteers were divided into two groups, Group A: 35 subjects treated by Panax Ginseng 500mg/day regarded as treated group. Group B: 30 subjects treated by placebo 500mg/day regarded as control group. Baseline data was obtained and then after one month of study for following induction of psychological stress through daily psychomotor performance task and visual working memory accuracy testing while; stress-induced oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels. Results: placebo showed significant increases in MDA serum levels p=0.0004 which related with significant increases in perceived stress scale from p<0.0001, while; Panax Ginseng led to significant reduction in MDA serum levels from p<0.01 that related with significant increment in perceived stress scale p=0.02. Conclusion: An MDA serum level is positively correlated with eustress and this association is modulated by   Panax Ginseng therapy that produced significant reduction in MDA and rising of eustress level. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/803 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/803/642

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 12 3 2017 06 28 201 205 EN Atieh Dolatian Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Masoud Arzaghi Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism population sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Qorbani School of Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Hamideh Pishva Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 04 10 Objective: obesity and depression are likely to interact mutually which makes it unclear if obesity causes depression or it leads to obesity; and how the genotypes have a role in obesity and depression. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 400 individuals from the participants in the third phase of the comprehensive Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS). Anthropometric measurements and depression were assessed. To investigate the NPY polymorphism, PCR-RFLP was used. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine depression as the dependent factor and gene polymorphism Results: the frequency of NPY rs16139 was 6%. No significant association could be found between NPY genotypes and depression (p >0.05). Furthermore, the results suggest that those with central obesity seem an increased chance of developing depression (P=0.02). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between obesity and depression and obesity is a possible cause of depression. Waist circumference and abdominal obesity as components of metabolic syndrome have the most important effects on depression. https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/656 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/656/644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 12 3 2017 06 28 206 213 EN Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Department of Psychosomatic, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Alireza Rafiei Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Ali Gaemian Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Abdolhakim Tirgari Department of Psychiatry, Member of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Sari, Iran. Aliasghar Zakavi Department of Islamic Thought, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. jamshid Yazdani Department of Biostatistics, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Jafar Bolhari Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Golzari Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allame Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Esmaeili Douki Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Nazanin Vaezzadeh Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2016 04 24 Objectives: Our objective is to compare the effects of RCBT, CBT, and sertraline on depression, anxiety, biomarker levels, and the quality of life in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Method/Design: This is a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups. A total of 160 patients after CABG surgery will be screened for anxiety and depression according to clinical interviews based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and Hospital  Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) scores (≥ 8). To assess religious attitude, Golriz and Baraheni’s religious attitude questionnaire will be used. Participants will be randomly allocated to four groups of 40 including three intervention groups (RCBT, CBT, and sertraline) and one control group (usual care). RCBT and CBT programs will consist of 12 one-hour weekly sessions. The participants in the pharmacological intervention group will receive 25-200 mg/d of sertraline for three months. The (SF-36) will be administered to assess the patients’ quality of life. Blood samples will be taken and biomarker levels will be determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary outcome will be the reduction in anxiety and depression scores after the interventions. The secondary outcomes will be increases in quality of life scores and normalized biomarker levels after the interventions. Discussion: If RCBT is found to be more effective than the other methods, it can be used to improve patients’ health status after CABG surgery. Irct ID: IRCT201404122898N5 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/672 https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/download/672/645

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 12 3 2017 06 28 214 218 EN Atefe Kamaloo Department of psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Ahmadipour Department of psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Ali labbaf Department of Emergency Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Elha