Original Article

Eustress and Malondialdehyde (MDA): Role of Panax Ginseng: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of present study was evaluation the effect of Panax Ginseng on malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels during eustress on normal healthy volunteers.
Method: 65 healthy volunteers were recruited from medical students at college of medicine with age range (22.61±3.63) years, the volunteers were divided into two groups, Group A: 35 subjects treated by Panax Ginseng 500mg/day regarded as treated group. Group B: 30 subjects treated by placebo 500mg/day regarded as control group. Baseline data was obtained and then after one month of study for following induction of psychological stress through daily psychomotor performance task and visual working memory accuracy testing while; stress-induced oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels.
Results: placebo showed significant increases in MDA serum levels p=0.0004 which related with significant increases in perceived stress scale from p<0.0001, while; Panax Ginseng led to significant reduction in MDA serum levels from p<0.01 that related with significant increment in perceived stress scale p=0.02.
Conclusion:
An MDA serum level is positively correlated with eustress and this association is modulated by   Panax Ginseng therapy that produced significant reduction in MDA and rising of eustress level.

Sapolsky R M. Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers. 175 Fifth Ave, New York, N.Y: St. Martins Press; 2004.

Jones F, Bright J, Clow A. Stress: myth, theory, and research, Pearson Education: 2001.

Gibbons C, Dempster M, Moutray M. Stress and eustress in nursing students. J Adv Nurs 2008; 61: 282-290.

Mhillaj E, Morgese MG, Trabace L. Early life and oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: what can we learn from animal models? Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:1396-1403.

Wang L, Guo LL, Wang LH, Zhang GX, Shang J, Murao K, et al. Oxidative stress and substance P mediate psychological stress-induced autophagy and delay of hair growth in mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307: 171-181.

Schiavone S, Colaianna M, Curtis L. Impact of early life stress on the pathogenesis of mental disorders: relation to brain oxidative stress. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21: 1404-1412.

Smaga I, Niedzielska E, Gawlik M, Moniczewski A, Krzek J, Przegaliński E, et al. Oxidative stress as an etiological factor and a potential treatment target of psychiatric disorders. Part 2. Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67: 569-580.

Augustyniak A, Michalak K, Skrzydlewska E. The action of oxidative stress induced by ethanol on the central nervous system (CNS). Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 2005; 59:464-471.

Srivastava R, Batra J. Oxidative stress and psychological functioning among medical students. Ind Psychiatry J 2014; 23: 127-133.

Magalhães PV, Dean O, Andreazza AC, Berk M, Kapczinski F. Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2. Acta Med Port 2017; 30: 163-168.

Pomara C, Neri M, Bello S, Fiore C, Riezzo I, Turillazzi E. Neurotoxicity by synthetic androgen steroids: oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuropathology: A review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13: 132-145.

Hatch J, Andreazza A, Olowoyeye O, Rezin GT, Moody A, Goldstein BI. Cardiovascular and psychiatric characteristics associated with oxidative stress markers among adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Psychosom Res 2015; 79: 222-227.

Zhang X, Liu F, Chen B, Li Y, Wang Z. Acute and subacute oral toxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides in mice: determining LD50 and assessing the status of hepatic oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012; 31: 1485-1493.

Chung SI, Kang MY, Lee SC. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of Aged Ginseng (Panax ginseng). Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21: 24-30.

Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Ashor AW. Effect of a single dose of dextromethorphan on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. Indian J Psychol Med 2012; 34: 140-143.

Müller MJ, Zink S, Koch E. Assessment of Perceived Stress Related to Migration and Acculturation in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders (MIGSTR10)-Development, Reliability, and Dimensionality of a Brief Instrument. Psychiatr Q 2016; 24: [Epub ahead of print].

Niki E. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: Distress or eustress? Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:19-24.

Shad MK, Barkhordari A, Mehrparvar AH, Dehghani A, Ranjbar A, Moghadam RH. Oxidative toxic stress in workers occupationally exposed to ceramic dust: A study in a ceramic manufacturing industry. Work 2016; 55: 13-17.

Ohta M, Eguchi Y, Inoue T, Honda T, Morita Y, Konno Y, et al. Effects of bench step exercise intervention on work ability in terms of cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled study. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2015; 21: 141-149.

Padurariu M, Ciobica A, Hritcu L, Stoica B, Bild W, Stefanescu C. Changes of some oxidative stress markers in the serum of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2010; 469: 6-10.

Wan L, Cheng Y, Luo Z, Guo H, Zhao W, Gu Q, et al. Neuroprotection, learning and memory improvement of a standardized extract from RenshenShouwu against neuronal injury and vascular dementia in rats with brain ischemia. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 165: 118-126.

Yang L, Yuan D, Li J, Zhang CC, Wang T. [Protective Effect of Total Saponins of Panax japonicus Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage]. Zhong Yao Cai 2015; 38: 1225-1229.

Oh HA, Kim DE, Choi HJ, Kim NJ, Kim DH. Anti-stress effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol in immobilized mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38: 331-335.

Rasmussen ST, Andersen JT, Nielsen TK, Cejvanovic V, Petersen KM, Henriksen T, Weimann A, et a. Simvastatin and oxidative stress in humans: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Redox Biol 2016; 9: 32-38.

Asgary S, Soltani R, Zolghadr M, Keshvari M, Sarrafzadegan N. Evaluation of the effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on oxidative stress and serum levels of lipids, insulin and hs-CRP in adult patients with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med 2016; 13: 175-180.

Zolfaghari B, Kazemi M, Nematbakhsh M. The effects of unripe grape extract on systemic blood pressure and serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in rat. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4: 109.

Mansour HH. Protective effect of ginseng against gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in rats. EXCLI J 2013; 12: 766-777.

Liang MT, Podolka TD, Chuang WJ. Panax notoginseng supplementation enhances physical performance during endurance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2005; 19: 108-114.

Seo JY, Ju SH, Oh J, Lee SK, Kim JS. Neuroprotective and Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Compound K Isolated from Red Ginseng. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64: 2855-2864.

Qu C, Li B, Lai Y, Li H, Windust A, Hofseth LJ, et al. Identifying panaxynol, a natural activator of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) from Americanginseng as a suppressor of inflamed macrophage-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 168: 326-336.

Hassan W, Noreen H, Castro-Gomes V, Mohammadzai I, da Rocha JB, Landeira-Fernandez J. Association of Oxidative Stress with Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 016; 22: 2960-2974.

Vine SJ, Freeman P, Moore LJ, Chandra-Ramanan R, Wilson MR. Evaluating stress as a challenge is associated with superior attentional control and motor skill performance: testing the predictions of the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. J Exp Psychol Appl 2013; 19: 185-194.

Zhou F, Xiang Z, Peiling L, Junjie J, Zhen LX. The expression and changes of heat shock protein 70, MDA and haemorheology in rat cortex after diffuse axonal injury with secondary insults. J Clin Neurosci 2001; 8: 250-252.

Files
IssueVol 12 No 3 (2017) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
Keywords
malondialdehyde (MDA) Eustress Panax Ginseng

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Al-kuraishy hayder, Al-Gareeb A. Eustress and Malondialdehyde (MDA): Role of Panax Ginseng: Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2017;12(3):194-200.