An 18-month Follow-up of Anger in Female Karate Athletes
,
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of anger scores in female karate athletes during 18 months, and to compare anger scores in adolescents who continue or stop training karate.
Method: The sample consisted of 18 female elite karate athletes, practicing modern style of karate. To measure anger and its subscales, participants were asked to complete “Adolescent Anger Rating Scale” (AARS) questionnaire in both stages of the study. Athletes were divided in to two groups of “stayer” (n=12) and “quitter” (n=6) if they continued practicing karate or stopped it, respectively. In order to study the changes of anger score with time, paired T test was used.
Results: In analysis of changes in anger scores with time, there was a statistically significant increase in instrumental anger (p=0.001) and non-significant increase in other anger scores among 14-year-old girls who continued practicing karate.
Conclusion : Increased instrumental anger in female karate athletes could be due to the impact of parti ipation in a combative sport. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations of the study.
Spielberger CD, Jacobs G, Russell S, Crane RS. Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. Advances in personality assessment. 1983; 2:159-187.
Berkowitz L. Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis: Examination and Reformulation. Psychological bulletin 1989; 106: 59-73.
Maxwell JP. Anger rumination: An antecedent of athlete aggression? Psychol Sport Exerc. 2004; 5:279-289.
Weinberg RS, Gould D. Foundations of sport and exercise psychology, 5eds: Human kinetics publishers; 2010.
Lotfian S, Ziaee V, Amini H, Mansournia MA. An analysis of anger in adolescent girls who practice the martial arts. Int J Pediatr 2011; 2011:630604.
Ziaee V, Lotfian S, Amini H, Mansournia MA, Memari AH. Anger in Adolescent Boy Athletes: A Comparison among Judo, Karate, Swimming and Non Athletes. Iranian journal of pediatrics 2012; 22: 9-14.
Reynes E, Lorant J. Effect of Traditional Judo Training on Aggressiveness among Young Boys. Perceptual and motor skills 2002; 94: 21-25.
Reynes E, Lorant J. Karate and Aggressiveness among Eight-Year-Old Boys. Perceptual and motor skills 2002; 94: 1041-1042.
Reynes E, Lorant J. Competitive Martial Arts and Aggressiveness: A 2-Yr. Longitudinal Study among Young Boys. Perceptual and motor skills 2004; 98: 103-115.
Nosanchuk TA, MacNeil ML. Examination of the effects of traditional and modern martial arts training on aggressiveness. Aggressive Behavior 1989; 15: 153-159.
Nosanchuk TA, Lamarre BW. Judo Training and Aggression: Comment on Reynes and Lorant. Perceptual and motor skills 2002; 94: 1057-1058.
Burney DM. Adolescent Anger Rating Scale: Professional Manual. Odessa, Fla: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2001.
Burney DMK, Kromrey J. Initial development and score validation of the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale. Educ Psychol Meas 2001; 61: 446-460.
Archer J. Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression? Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2009; 32: 249-266.
Lindeman M, Harakka T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Age and gender differences in adolescents’ reactions to conflict situations: Aggression, prosociality, and withdrawal. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 1997; 26:339-351.
Steinberg L, Morris AS. Adolescent development. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology. 2001; 2: 55-87.
Kavoura A, Ryba TV, Kokkonen M. Psychological Research on Martial Artists. www.sportstudies.org 2012:3: 1-23.
Bjorkqvist K, Varhama L. Attitudes toward Violent Conflict Resolution among Male and Female Karateka in Comparison with Practitioners of Other Sports. Perceptual and motor skills 2001; 92: 586-588.
Wargo MA, Spirrison CL, Thorne BM, Henley TB. Personality characteristics of martial artists. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2007; 35: 399-408.
Vertonghen J, Theeboom M. The social-psychological outcomes of martial arts practise among youth: A review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010; 9: 528-537.
Maxwella JP, Mooresb E, Chowc CCF. Anger rumination and self‐reported aggression amongst British and Hong Kong Chinese athletes: A cross cultural comparison. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 5: 9-27.
Maxwell JP, Visek AJ, Moores EJ. Anger and perceived legitimacy of aggression in male Hong Kong Chinese athletes: Effects of type of sport and level of competition. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2009; 10: 289-296.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 2 (2013) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Adolescent anger female karate | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
