Shift Work Disorder, Insomnia, and Depression among Offshore Oil Rig Workers
-
Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi
,
Mohammad-Mehdi Mehrabinejad
,
Abdolkarim Hajighaderi
,
Arezu Najafi
,
Ania Rahimi-Golkhandan
,
Alireza Zahabi
Abstract
Objective: Numerous offshore jobs require 24-hour tasks, such as in industrial workplaces (eg, oil rigs). The purpose of this study was to assess shift work disorder (SWD), insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression among Iranian offshore oil rig workers in different shift schedules.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian offshore oil workers at the Persian Gulf. A questionnaire package consisted of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- II), and SWD filled. The scores were calculated among different groups of shift schedules (fixed-day, fixed-night, swing and standby shift workers). ISI, BDI-II, and ESS scores were also compared between individuals with or without SWD.
Results: A total of 188 participants were recruited in the study, and all were male. The mean age was 37.06 ± 9.2 years. Among different shift schedules, the highest and lowest ISI and ESS scores were related to fixed-night shifts workers and fixed-day shift workers, respectively. ISI, ESS, and BDI mean scores in different shift schedules were not significantly different (p values = 0.14, 0.57, and 0.93, respectively). SWD was diagnosed in 57 (30.3%) of studied shift workers. The difference between SWD prevalence was not significant between different shift schedules (P value =0.13). Workers with SWD had higher ISI, ESS, and BDI-II score (P values <0.0001, <0.0001, and <0.0001, respectively) and workers without SWD had higher job satisfaction (p value = 0.04).
Conclusion: SWD is considered as a serious health-related issue in Persian Gulf oil rig shift workers. Insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression are associated with SWD.
1. Costa G. Sleep deprivation due to shift work. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;131:437-46.
2. Akerstedt T, Wright KP, Jr. Sleep Loss and Fatigue in Shift Work and Shift Work Disorder. Sleep Med Clin. 2009;4(2):257-71.
3. Messenger JC, Lee S, McCann D. Working time around the world: Trends in working hours, laws, and policies in a global comparative perspective. Routledge; 2007 May 31.
4. Skorvanek M, Gdovinova Z, Rosenberger J, Saeedian RG, Nagyova I, Groothoff JW, et al. The associations between fatigue, apathy, and depression in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2015;131(2):80-7.
5. Drake CL, Roehrs T, Richardson G, Walsh JK, Roth T. Shift work sleep disorder: prevalence and consequences beyond that of symptomatic day workers. Sleep. 2004;27(8):1453-62.
6. Krystal AD, Roth T, Richard D. Simon J. Recognition and assessment of shift work disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(2):248-57.
7. Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Lindahl B. Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(11):747-52.
8. Hansen J. Risk of breast cancer after night- and shift work: current evidence and ongoing studies in Denmark. Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17(4):531-7.
9. Frost P, Kolstad HA, Bonde JP. Shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease - a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2009;35(3):163-79.
10. Furihata R, Uchiyama M, Suzuki M, Konno C, Konno M, Takahashi S, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Akahoshi T, Hashimoto S, Akashiba T. Association of short sleep duration and short time in bed with depression: AJ apanese general population survey. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2015 Apr;13(2):136-45.
11. Glozier N, Martiniuk A, Patton G, Ivers R, Li Q, Hickie I, et al. Short sleep duration in prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults: the DRIVE study. Sleep. 2010;33(9):1139-45.
12. Merikanto I, Kronholm E, Peltonen M, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T. Circadian preference links to depression in general adult population. J Affect Disord. 2015;188:143-8.
13. Geiger Brown J, Wieroney M, Blair L, Zhu S, Warren J, Scharf SM, et al. Measuring subjective sleepiness at work in hospital nurses: validation of a modified delivery format of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(4):731-9.
14. Krishnaswamy UM, Chhabria MS, Rao A. Excessive sleepiness, sleep hygiene, and coping strategies among night bus drivers: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2016;20(2):84-7.
15. Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Åkerstedt T, Moen BE, Waage S, Molde H, et al. Trajectories of sleepiness and insomnia symptoms in Norwegian nurses with and without night work and rotational work. Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(5):480-9.
16. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540-5.
17. Sadeghniiat Haghighi K, Montazeri A, Khajeh Mehrizi A, Aminian O, Rahimi Golkhandan A, Saraei M, et al. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Sleep Breath. 2013;17(1):419-26.
18. Dadfar M, Kalibatseva Z. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Short Beck Depression Inventory with Iranian Psychiatric Outpatients. Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:8196463.
19. Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Chest. 2014;146(5):1387-94.
20. Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Montazeri A, Khajeh-Mehrizi A, Nedjat S, Aminian O. The Insomnia Severity Index: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a Persian version. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(2):533-7.
21. Gumenyuk V, Belcher R, Drake CL, Roth T. Differential sleep, sleepiness, and neurophysiology in the insomnia phenotypes of shift work disorder. Sleep. 2015;38(1):119-26.
22. Flo E, Pallesen S, Magerøy N, Moen BE, Grønli J, Hilde Nordhus I, et al. Shift work disorder in nurses--assessment, prevalence and related health problems. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33981.
23. Taniyama Y, Nakamura A, Yamauchi T, Takeuchi S, Kuroda Y. Shift-work disorder and sleep-related environmental factors in the manufacturing industry. J uoeh. 2015;37(1):1-10.
24. Kalmbach DA, Pillai V, Cheng P, Arnedt JT, Drake CL. Shift work disorder, depression, and anxiety in the transition to rotating shifts: the role of sleep reactivity. Sleep Med. 2015;16(12):1532-8.
25. Waage S, Pallesen S, Moen BE, Magerøy N, Flo E, Di Milia L, et al. Predictors of shift work disorder among nurses: a longitudinal study. Sleep Med. 2014;15(12):1449-55.
26. Asaoka S, Aritake S, Komada Y, Ozaki A, Odagiri Y, Inoue S, et al. Factors associated with shift work disorder in nurses working with rapid-rotation schedules in Japan: the nurses' sleep health project. Chronobiol Int. 2013;30(4):628-36.
27. Ferri P, Guadi M, Marcheselli L, Balduzzi S, Magnani D, Di Lorenzo R. The impact of shift work on the psychological and physical health of nurses in a general hospital: a comparison between rotating night shifts and day shifts. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2016;9:203-11.
28. Sehlen S, Vordermark D, Schäfer C, Herschbach P, Bayerl A, Pigorsch S, et al. Job stress and job satisfaction of physicians, radiographers, nurses and physicists working in radiotherapy: a multicenter analysis by the DEGRO Quality of Life Work Group. Radiat Oncol. 2009;4:6.
29. Waage S, Moen BE, Pallesen S, Eriksen HR, Ursin H, Akerstedt T, et al. Shift work disorder among oil rig workers in the North Sea. Sleep. 2009;32(4):558-65.
30. Di Milia L, Waage S, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B. Shift work disorder in a random population sample--prevalence and comorbidities. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55306.
31. Losa Iglesias ME, Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo R. Musculoskeletal pain, job satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among spanish podiatric physicians. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2014;104(2):191-7.
32. Kawada T, Yoshimura M. Results of a 100-point scale for evaluating job satisfaction and the Occupational Depression Scale questionnaire survey in workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2012;54(4):420-3.
33. Vallières A, Azaiez A, Moreau V, LeBlanc M, Morin CM. Insomnia in shift work. Sleep Med. 2014;15(12):1440-8.
34. Eldevik MF, Flo E, Moen BE, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B. Insomnia, excessive sleepiness, excessive fatigue, anxiety, depression and shift work disorder in nurses having less than 11 hours in-between shifts. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70882.
35. Surani S, Subramanian S, Babbar H, Murphy J, Aguillar R. Sleepiness in critical care nurses: results of a pilot study. J Hosp Med. 2008;3(3):200-5.
36. Haidarimoghadam R, Kazemi R, Motamedzadeh M, Golmohamadi R, Soltanian A, Zoghipaydar MR. The effects of consecutive night shifts and shift length on cognitive performance and sleepiness: a field study. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2017;23(2):251-8.
37. Lee A, Myung SK, Cho JJ, Jung YJ, Yoon JL, Kim MY. Night Shift Work and Risk of Depression: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(7):1091-6.
2. Akerstedt T, Wright KP, Jr. Sleep Loss and Fatigue in Shift Work and Shift Work Disorder. Sleep Med Clin. 2009;4(2):257-71.
3. Messenger JC, Lee S, McCann D. Working time around the world: Trends in working hours, laws, and policies in a global comparative perspective. Routledge; 2007 May 31.
4. Skorvanek M, Gdovinova Z, Rosenberger J, Saeedian RG, Nagyova I, Groothoff JW, et al. The associations between fatigue, apathy, and depression in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2015;131(2):80-7.
5. Drake CL, Roehrs T, Richardson G, Walsh JK, Roth T. Shift work sleep disorder: prevalence and consequences beyond that of symptomatic day workers. Sleep. 2004;27(8):1453-62.
6. Krystal AD, Roth T, Richard D. Simon J. Recognition and assessment of shift work disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(2):248-57.
7. Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Lindahl B. Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(11):747-52.
8. Hansen J. Risk of breast cancer after night- and shift work: current evidence and ongoing studies in Denmark. Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17(4):531-7.
9. Frost P, Kolstad HA, Bonde JP. Shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease - a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2009;35(3):163-79.
10. Furihata R, Uchiyama M, Suzuki M, Konno C, Konno M, Takahashi S, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Akahoshi T, Hashimoto S, Akashiba T. Association of short sleep duration and short time in bed with depression: AJ apanese general population survey. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2015 Apr;13(2):136-45.
11. Glozier N, Martiniuk A, Patton G, Ivers R, Li Q, Hickie I, et al. Short sleep duration in prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults: the DRIVE study. Sleep. 2010;33(9):1139-45.
12. Merikanto I, Kronholm E, Peltonen M, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T. Circadian preference links to depression in general adult population. J Affect Disord. 2015;188:143-8.
13. Geiger Brown J, Wieroney M, Blair L, Zhu S, Warren J, Scharf SM, et al. Measuring subjective sleepiness at work in hospital nurses: validation of a modified delivery format of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(4):731-9.
14. Krishnaswamy UM, Chhabria MS, Rao A. Excessive sleepiness, sleep hygiene, and coping strategies among night bus drivers: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2016;20(2):84-7.
15. Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Åkerstedt T, Moen BE, Waage S, Molde H, et al. Trajectories of sleepiness and insomnia symptoms in Norwegian nurses with and without night work and rotational work. Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(5):480-9.
16. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540-5.
17. Sadeghniiat Haghighi K, Montazeri A, Khajeh Mehrizi A, Aminian O, Rahimi Golkhandan A, Saraei M, et al. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Sleep Breath. 2013;17(1):419-26.
18. Dadfar M, Kalibatseva Z. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Short Beck Depression Inventory with Iranian Psychiatric Outpatients. Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:8196463.
19. Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Chest. 2014;146(5):1387-94.
20. Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Montazeri A, Khajeh-Mehrizi A, Nedjat S, Aminian O. The Insomnia Severity Index: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a Persian version. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(2):533-7.
21. Gumenyuk V, Belcher R, Drake CL, Roth T. Differential sleep, sleepiness, and neurophysiology in the insomnia phenotypes of shift work disorder. Sleep. 2015;38(1):119-26.
22. Flo E, Pallesen S, Magerøy N, Moen BE, Grønli J, Hilde Nordhus I, et al. Shift work disorder in nurses--assessment, prevalence and related health problems. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33981.
23. Taniyama Y, Nakamura A, Yamauchi T, Takeuchi S, Kuroda Y. Shift-work disorder and sleep-related environmental factors in the manufacturing industry. J uoeh. 2015;37(1):1-10.
24. Kalmbach DA, Pillai V, Cheng P, Arnedt JT, Drake CL. Shift work disorder, depression, and anxiety in the transition to rotating shifts: the role of sleep reactivity. Sleep Med. 2015;16(12):1532-8.
25. Waage S, Pallesen S, Moen BE, Magerøy N, Flo E, Di Milia L, et al. Predictors of shift work disorder among nurses: a longitudinal study. Sleep Med. 2014;15(12):1449-55.
26. Asaoka S, Aritake S, Komada Y, Ozaki A, Odagiri Y, Inoue S, et al. Factors associated with shift work disorder in nurses working with rapid-rotation schedules in Japan: the nurses' sleep health project. Chronobiol Int. 2013;30(4):628-36.
27. Ferri P, Guadi M, Marcheselli L, Balduzzi S, Magnani D, Di Lorenzo R. The impact of shift work on the psychological and physical health of nurses in a general hospital: a comparison between rotating night shifts and day shifts. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2016;9:203-11.
28. Sehlen S, Vordermark D, Schäfer C, Herschbach P, Bayerl A, Pigorsch S, et al. Job stress and job satisfaction of physicians, radiographers, nurses and physicists working in radiotherapy: a multicenter analysis by the DEGRO Quality of Life Work Group. Radiat Oncol. 2009;4:6.
29. Waage S, Moen BE, Pallesen S, Eriksen HR, Ursin H, Akerstedt T, et al. Shift work disorder among oil rig workers in the North Sea. Sleep. 2009;32(4):558-65.
30. Di Milia L, Waage S, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B. Shift work disorder in a random population sample--prevalence and comorbidities. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55306.
31. Losa Iglesias ME, Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo R. Musculoskeletal pain, job satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among spanish podiatric physicians. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2014;104(2):191-7.
32. Kawada T, Yoshimura M. Results of a 100-point scale for evaluating job satisfaction and the Occupational Depression Scale questionnaire survey in workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2012;54(4):420-3.
33. Vallières A, Azaiez A, Moreau V, LeBlanc M, Morin CM. Insomnia in shift work. Sleep Med. 2014;15(12):1440-8.
34. Eldevik MF, Flo E, Moen BE, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B. Insomnia, excessive sleepiness, excessive fatigue, anxiety, depression and shift work disorder in nurses having less than 11 hours in-between shifts. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70882.
35. Surani S, Subramanian S, Babbar H, Murphy J, Aguillar R. Sleepiness in critical care nurses: results of a pilot study. J Hosp Med. 2008;3(3):200-5.
36. Haidarimoghadam R, Kazemi R, Motamedzadeh M, Golmohamadi R, Soltanian A, Zoghipaydar MR. The effects of consecutive night shifts and shift length on cognitive performance and sleepiness: a field study. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2017;23(2):251-8.
37. Lee A, Myung SK, Cho JJ, Jung YJ, Yoon JL, Kim MY. Night Shift Work and Risk of Depression: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(7):1091-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 2 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v16i2.5817 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Depression Sleepiness Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Shift Work Schedule | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Mehrabinejad M-M, Hajighaderi A, Najafi A, Rahimi-Golkhandan A, Zahabi A. Shift Work Disorder, Insomnia, and Depression among Offshore Oil Rig Workers. Iran J Psychiatry. 2021;16(2):162-167.
