Psychometric Characteristics of the Iranian Version of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (I-MOGQ)
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Abstract
Objective: The growing popularity of computer games has attracted the attention of researchers in this field. The underlying psychological motives of gamers are important to prevention of disorders related to online gaming. This study was aimed at evaluating the psychometric characteristics of the Iranian version of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (I-MOGQ) and its association with Internet Gaming Disorders (IGD).
Method: Four hundred and fifty-two Iranian adult gamers (mean age = 21.5 years, SD = 4.14) voluntarily responded to the anonymous survey online. All participants in this study were males. The questionnaires used in this study were MOGQ and IGD Scale. We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for MOGQ. Also, the correlation between MOGQ and IGD was evaluated.
Results: CFA supports the construct validity of the questionnaire (RMSEA < 0.08). Cronbach's alpha, as an indicator of internal consistency of the questionnaire, was 0.91 (Social = 0.85, Escape = 0.84, Competition = 0.83, Coping = 0.79, Skill Development = 0.89, Fantasy = 0.85 and Recreation = 0.83). Also, the scale displayed adequate convergent validity, as shown by significant positive correlations with IGD scores. The highest correlation was found with the Escape motive (0.57) and the lowest was found with Recreation (0.15).
Conclusion: This study showed that the Iranian version of the MOGQ is a valid and reliable scale for identifying the motives for online gaming among young adults.
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30. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2000;25(1):54-67.
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33. Koo D-M. The moderating role of locus of control on the links between experiential motives and intention to play online games. Comput Human Behav. 2009;25(2):466–74.
34. Hoon K, Park J, Yul K, Moon H, Chun H. E-lifestyle and motives to use online games. Iris Marketing Review. 2002;15(2):71-2.
35. Hsu C-L, Lu H-P. Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective. Comput Human Behav. 2007;23(3):1642-59.
36. Olson CK, Kutner LA, Warner DE, Almerigi JB, Baer L, Nicholi AM, 2nd, et al. Factors correlated with violent video game use by adolescent boys and girls. J Adolesc Health. 2007;41(1):77-83.
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38. Novak J, Levy L. Play the game: the parent’s guide to video games. Publisher: Course Technology PTR ; 1st edition ; 2007.
39. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Adolescent online gaming addiction. Education and Health. 2012;30(1):15–7.
40. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topçu M, Kutlu N. Psychometric validation of the Turkish motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) across university students and video game players. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 2020; 7(2): 81-89.
41. Ballabio M, Griffiths MD, Urbán R, Quartiroli A, Demetrovics Z, Király O. Do gaming motives mediate between psychiatric symptoms and problematic gaming? An empirical survey study. Addict Res Theory. 2017;25(5):397–408.
42. Meier A, Meltzer CE, Reinecke L. Coping with stress or losing control? Facebook-induced strains among emerging adults as a consequence of escapism versus procrastination. In book: Youth and Media: Current Perspectives on Media Use and Effects Publisher: Nomo; 2018. p. 167–85.
2. Entertainment Software Industry. Essential Facts about the Video Game Industry [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2022 July 17]. Available from: https://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Final-Edited-2020-ESA_Essential_facts.pdf
3. Bazaar. Analytical report on the growth of Iranian games [Internet]. 2019. [cited 2022 July 17]. Available from: https://direc.ircg.ir/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Game-Growth-Analitical-Report.pdf
4. Digital Games Research Center. A closer look at the 2017 Console Platform: Amazing [Internet]. 2018. [cited 2022 July 17]. Available from: https://direc.ircg.ir/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/PersianConsoleCloseup139711.pdf
5. Shao R, Wang Y. The Relation of Violent Video Games to Adolescent Aggression: An Examination of Moderated Mediation Effect. Front Psychol. 2019;10:384.
6. Kowert R, Domahidi E, Festl R, Quandt T. Social gaming, lonely life? The impact of digital game play on adolescents’ social circles. Comput Human Behav. 2014;36:385–90.
7. D Griffiths M, J Kuss D, L King D. Video game addiction: Past, present and future. Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2012;8(4):308–18.
8. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
9. Şalvarlı Şİ, Griffiths MD. Internet gaming disorder and its associated personality traits: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021; 19(5):1420-42.(Published online: 2019).
10. Şalvarlı Şİ, Griffiths MD. The Association Between Internet Gaming Disorder and Impulsivity: A Systematic Review of Literature. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022; 20(1):92-118. (Published online: 2019).
11. Šporčić B, Glavak-Tkalić R. The relationship between online gaming motivation, self-concept clarity and tendency toward problematic gaming. Cyberpsychology J Psychosoc Res Cybersp. 2018;12(1).
12. Aminimanesh S, Nazari AM, Farzad F, Khanzade M. The role of psychological motivations in online gaming addiction among adolescents. J Heal Care. 2017;19(3):147–57.
13. Király O, Urbán R, Griffiths MD, Ágoston C, Nagygyörgy K, Kökönyei G, et al. The mediating effect of gaming motivation between psychiatric symptoms and problematic online gaming: an online survey. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(4):e88.
14. Yee N. Motivations for play in online games. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;9(6):772-5.
15. Bartle R. Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs. J MUD Res. 1996;1(1):19.
16. Kim Y, Ross SD. An exploration of motives in sport video gaming. Int J Sport Mark Spons. 2006;8(1): 28-40.
17. Frostling-Henningsson M. First-person shooter games as a way of connecting to people: "brothers in blood". Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12(5):557-62.
18. Demetrovics Z, Urbán R, Nagygyörgy K, Farkas J, Zilahy D, Mervó B, et al. Why do you play? The development of the motives for online gaming questionnaire (MOGQ). Behav Res Methods. 2011;43(3):814-25.
19. Wu AM, Lai MH, Yu S, Lau JT, Lei MW. Motives for online gaming questionnaire: Its psychometric properties and correlation with Internet gaming disorder symptoms among Chinese people. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(1):11-20.
20. Zare Shahabadi A, Nikahd M. An Evaluative Analysis of Factors Motivating the Use of Computer Games in Yazd. Glob Media Journal-Persian Ed. 2013;8(2):151–71.
21. Forghani MM, Alizadeh A. An Inquiry about the Use Of Computer Games among the Youth. Quarterly J Soc Sci. 2008; (38-39):1–29.
22. Yousefi B, Ashraf Khazaee A, Ghobadi Yeganeh A. Identify and ranking motivation factors in virtual soccer consumption (video games) among Iranian male adolescents. Commun Manag Sport Media. 2013;1(2):31–9.
23. ParsaMehr M, Rasulinejad P, Mirzaeeian Mofrad H. Study of Psycho-social motivations and influencing the youth sports Cyber Games (Case Study: Yazd University students). J Soc Sci Islam Azad Univ Shushtar Branch. 2015;8(27):49–78.
24. ParsaMehr M, Heddat E. The Examination of the Motivations Associated with Computer Sport Games in Students of Yazd University. Journal of Sport Managemen. 2013;5(3):99–115.
25. Kim BN, Kang HS. Korean validation of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire: Focusing on its factor structure and incremental validity. Addict Behav. 2021;122:107019.
26. Leonhardt M, Overå S. Are There Differences in Video Gaming and Use of Social Media among Boys and Girls?-A Mixed Methods Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):6085.
27. Hassouneh D, Brengman M. A motivation-based typology of social virtual world users. Comput Human Behav. 2014;33:330–8.
28. Pontes HM, Griffiths MD. Measuring DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Comput Human Behav. 2015;45:137–43.
29. Wu TY, Lin CY, Årestedt K, Griffiths MD, Broström A, Pakpour AH. Psychometric validation of the Persian nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form: Does gender and hours spent online gaming affect the interpretations of item descriptions? J Behav Addict. 2017;6(2):256-63.
30. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2000;25(1):54-67.
31. Fuster H, Oberst U, Griffiths M, Carbonell X, Chamarro A, Talarn A. Psychological motivation in online role-playing games: A study of Spanish World of Warcraft players. Anales de psicología. 2012;28(1):274-80.
32. Fuster H, Chamarro A, Carbonell X, Vallerand RJ. Relationship between passion and motivation for gaming in players of massively multiplayer online role-playing games. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(5):292-7.
33. Koo D-M. The moderating role of locus of control on the links between experiential motives and intention to play online games. Comput Human Behav. 2009;25(2):466–74.
34. Hoon K, Park J, Yul K, Moon H, Chun H. E-lifestyle and motives to use online games. Iris Marketing Review. 2002;15(2):71-2.
35. Hsu C-L, Lu H-P. Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective. Comput Human Behav. 2007;23(3):1642-59.
36. Olson CK, Kutner LA, Warner DE, Almerigi JB, Baer L, Nicholi AM, 2nd, et al. Factors correlated with violent video game use by adolescent boys and girls. J Adolesc Health. 2007;41(1):77-83.
37. Blinka L, Mikuška J. The role of social motivation and sociability of gamers in online game addiction. Cyberpsychology J Psychosoc Res Cybersp. 2014;8(2).
38. Novak J, Levy L. Play the game: the parent’s guide to video games. Publisher: Course Technology PTR ; 1st edition ; 2007.
39. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Adolescent online gaming addiction. Education and Health. 2012;30(1):15–7.
40. Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topçu M, Kutlu N. Psychometric validation of the Turkish motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) across university students and video game players. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 2020; 7(2): 81-89.
41. Ballabio M, Griffiths MD, Urbán R, Quartiroli A, Demetrovics Z, Király O. Do gaming motives mediate between psychiatric symptoms and problematic gaming? An empirical survey study. Addict Res Theory. 2017;25(5):397–408.
42. Meier A, Meltzer CE, Reinecke L. Coping with stress or losing control? Facebook-induced strains among emerging adults as a consequence of escapism versus procrastination. In book: Youth and Media: Current Perspectives on Media Use and Effects Publisher: Nomo; 2018. p. 167–85.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v17i4.10697 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Game Internet Gaming Disorder Motivation Psychometrics | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Dowran B, Forouzesh Yekta F, Aghaie E. Psychometric Characteristics of the Iranian Version of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (I-MOGQ). Iran J Psychiatry. 2022;17(4):469-475.
