Impact of Spiritual End-of-Life Support on the Quality of Life for Leukemia Patients
,
Abstract
Objective: Patients with leukemia suffer from significant psychological, spiritual, and social symptoms. Therefore, the current research aimed to study the impact of spiritual end-of-life support on the quality of life for leukemia patients.
Method: To this end, the present quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design was performed. The sample included 60 cancer patients randomly assigned to intervention and control groups through the method of permutation block. The experimental group received spiritual support intervention for eight sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Patients filled out the questionnaire of World Health Organization Quality of Life. The World Health Organization conducts a three-phase assessment to measure the quality of life. These phases include a pre-test, which is conducted before any intervention takes place. Then comes the post-test, which occurs after the intervention. Finally, there is a follow-up assessment conducted two months after the post-test. The obtained results were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis and independent samples t-test using SPSS software.
Results: The findings from the repeated measures analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant interaction between time and group (P = 0.01). In other words, being compared to the control group, the spiritual support significantly increased the life quality of the patients in the experimental group. The experimental group witnessed a sustained enhancement in the quality of life for a period of two months following the intervention (follow-up, P = 0.01).
Conclusion: Ultimately, the provision of spiritual support has the potential to enhance the overall well-being of individuals approaching the end of their lives, offering solace and aiding them in comprehending the true essence and purpose of their existence.
1. Khezri E, Bagheri-Saveh MI, Kalhor MM, Rahnama M, Roshani D, Salehi K. Nursing care based on the Support-Based Spiritual Care Model increases hope among women with breast cancer in Iran. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(1):423-9.
2. Rassouli M, Sajjadi M. Palliative Care in Iran: Moving Toward the Development of Palliative Care for Cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2016;33(3):240-4.
3. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-49.
4. Roshandel G, Ferlay J, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Partovipour E, Salavati F, Aryan K, et al. Cancer in Iran 2008 to 2025: Recent incidence trends and short-term predictions of the future burden. Int J Cancer. 2021;149(3):594-605.
5. Gillilan R, Qawi S, Weymiller AJ, Puchalski C. Spiritual distress and spiritual care in advanced heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2017;22(5):581-91.
6. Balboni TA, Paulk ME, Balboni MJ, Phelps AC, Loggers ET, Wright AA, et al. Provision of spiritual care to patients with advanced cancer: associations with medical care and quality of life near death. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3):445-52.
7. Vallurupalli M, Lauderdale K, Balboni MJ, Phelps AC, Block SD, Ng AK, et al. The role of spirituality and religious coping in the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative radiation therapy. J Support Oncol. 2012;10(2):81-7.
8. Pittet V, Vaucher C, Froehlich F, Burnand B, Michetti P, Maillard MH. Patient self-reported concerns in inflammatory bowel diseases: A gender-specific subjective quality-of-life indicator. PLoS One. 2017;12(2): e0171864.
9. Rashid YA, Ghafoor ZA, Masood N, Mehmood T, Awan S, Ansar T, et al. Psychosocial impact of cancer on adult patients. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;62(9):905-9.
10. Sadat Aghahosseini S, Rahmani A, Abdollahzadeh F, Asvadi Kermani I. The Relation between Awareness of Cancer Diagnosis and Spiritual Health among Cancer Patients. J Caring Sci. 2012;1(2):67-72.
11. Jones JM, Cohen SR, Zimmermann C, Rodin G. Quality of life and symptom burden in cancer patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit. J Palliat Care. 2010;26(2):94-102.
12. Thuné-Boyle IC, Stygall JA, Keshtgar MR, Newman SP. Do religious/spiritual coping strategies affect illness adjustment in patients with cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(1):151-64.
13. Brady MJ, Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Mo M, Cella D. A case for including spirituality in quality of life measurement in oncology. Psychooncology. 1999;8(5):417-28.
14. McClain-Jacobson C, Rosenfeld B, Kosinski A, Pessin H, Cimino JE, Breitbart W. Belief in an afterlife, spiritual well-being and end-of-life despair in patients with advanced cancer. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26(6):484-6.
15. Wong KF, Yau SY. Nurses' experiences in spirituality and spiritual care in Hong Kong. Appl Nurs Res. 2010;23(4):242-4.
16. Miller G. Incorporating spirituality in counseling and psychotherapy: Theory and technique: JWS; 2003.
17. Theofilou P. Quality of life: definition and measurement. Eur J Psychol. 2013;9(1):150-162.
18. Organization WH. The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
19. The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9.
20. Fang CY, Schnoll RA. Impact of psychological distress on outcomes in cancer patients. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2002;2(5):495-506.
21. Fischbeck S, Maier BO, Reinholz U, Nehring C, Schwab R, Beutel ME, et al. Assessing somatic, psychosocial, and spiritual distress of patients with advanced cancer: development of the Advanced Cancer Patients' Distress Scale. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013;30(4):339-46.
22. Pearce MJ, Coan AD, Herndon JE, 2nd, Koenig HG, Abernethy AP. Unmet spiritual care needs impact emotional and spiritual well-being in advanced cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20(10):2269-76.
23. Skalla K, McCoy JP. Spiritual assessment of patients with cancer: the moral authority, vocational, aesthetic, social, and transcendent model. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2006;33(4):745-51.
24. Noguchi W, Morita S, Ohno T, Aihara O, Tsujii H, Shimozuma K, et al. Spiritual needs in cancer patients and spiritual care based on logotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(1):65-70.
25. Rapley M. Quality of life research. Quality of Life Research. 2003:1-286.
26. Allart-Vorelli P, Porro B, Baguet F, Michel A, Cousson-Gélie F. Haematological cancer and quality of life: a systematic literature review. Blood Cancer J. 2015;5(4): e305.
27. Damsma-Bakker A, van Leeuwen R. An Online Competency-Based Spiritual Care Education Tool for Oncology Nurses. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2021;37(5):151210.
28. Gijsberts MHE, Liefbroer AI, Otten R, Olsman E. Spiritual Care in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of the Recent European Literature. Med Sci (Basel). 2019;7(2).
29. Chen J, Lin Y, Yan J, Wu Y, Hu R. The effects of spiritual care on quality of life and spiritual well-being among patients with terminal illness: a systematic review. Palliative medicine. 2018 Jul;32(7):1167-79.
30. Saunders C, Summers DH, Teller N. Hospice: the living idea. 1981.
31. Saunders C. The management of terminal illness, 1967. SW. 1958; 2004:91-114.
32. Afshar M, Sadat Z, Bagheri M. The Effect of Spiritual Counseling on Hope in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2021;9(4):313-24.
33. Hojjati H. On the relationship between prayer frequency and spiritual health in patients under hemodialysis therapy. J Fundam. 2010;12(46):21-514.
34. Ghazipoor G, Ahmadian H, Goudarzi M, Amirifard N. Causal Model of Overcoming Death Anxiety by Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Spirituality and the Mediation Role of Resilience in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer: Provide Suggestions to Improve Psychiatric Nursing Services. JCRPS.2021;10(2).
35. Asgari S, Shafiee H. Prediction of elderly quality of life based on internal coherence, mindfulness and spiritual intelligence. Positive Psychology Research. 2017;3(3):61-74.
36. Alaloul F, Schreiber JA, Al Nusairat TS, Andrykowski MA. Spirituality in Arab Muslim Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors: A Qualitative Approach. Cancer Nurs. 2016;39(5): E39-47.
37. Kalfoss MH, Low G, Molzahn AE. The suitability of the WHOQOL-BREF for Canadian and Norwegian older adults. Eur J Ageing. 2008;5(1):77.
38. Lima S, Teixeira L, Esteves R, Ribeiro F, Pereira F, Teixeira A, et al. Spirituality and quality of life in older adults: a path analysis model. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):259.
39. McClain CS, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W. Effect of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients. Lancet. 2003;361(9369):1603-7.
40. Kaplar ME, Wachholtz AB, O'brien WH. The effect of religious and spiritual interventions on the biological, psychological, and spiritual outcomes of oncology patients: A meta-analytic review. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2004;22(1):39-49.
41. Vazifeh Doust M, Hojjati H, Farhangi H. Effect of Spiritual Care Based on Ghalbe Salim on Anxiety in Adolescent with Cancer. J Relig Health. 2020;59(6):2857-65.
42. Livneh H, Lott S, Antonak R. Patterns of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability: A cluster analytic approach. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9(4):411-30.
43. Jafari N, Farajzadegan Z, Zamani A, Bahrami F, Emami H, Loghmani A, et al. Spiritual therapy to improve the spiritual well-being of Iranian women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:353262.
44. Mullis MD, Fisher CL, Kastrinos AL, Sae-Hau M, Weiss ES, Rajotte M, et al. Survivorship transitions in blood cancer: Identifying experiences and supportive care needs for caregivers. J Cancer Surviv. 2023.
45. Sinclair S, McConnell S, Raffin Bouchal S, Ager N, Booker R, Enns B, et al. Patient and healthcare perspectives on the importance and efficacy of addressing spiritual issues within an interdisciplinary bone marrow transplant clinic: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(11): e009392.
46. Kamper R, Van Cleve L, Savedra M. Children with advanced cancer: responses to a spiritual quality of life interview. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2010;15(4):301-6.
47. Scobie G, Caddell C. Quality of life at end of life: Spirituality and coping mechanisms in terminally ill patients. Internet J Pain Symptom Control Palliat Care. 2005;4(1).
48. Zhang B, Nilsson ME, Prigerson HG. Factors important to patients' quality of life at the end of life. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(15):1133-42.
49. Kruizinga R, Hartog ID, Jacobs M, Daams JG, Scherer-Rath M, Schilderman JB, et al. The effect of spiritual interventions addressing existential themes using a narrative approach on quality of life of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2016;25(3):253-65.
50. Cheraghi MA, Payne S, Salsali M. Spiritual aspects of end-of-life care for Muslim patients: experiences from Iran. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2005;11(9):468-74.
51. Nedjat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh R. Psychometric properties of the Iranian interview-administered version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF): a population-based study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008; 8:61.
52. Richards PS, Bergin AE. A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. 1997.
53. Miller G. Incorporating spirituality in counseling and psychotherapy: Theory and technique: JWS; 2003.
54. Cook CC. Spirituality, religion & mental health: exploring the boundaries. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2020;23(5):363-74.
55. Shah R, Kulhara P, Grover S, Kumar S, Malhotra R, Tyagi S. Relationship between spirituality/religiousness and coping in patients with residual schizophrenia. Qual Life Res. 2011;20(7):1053-60.
56. Sun XH, Liu X, Zhang B, Wang YM, Fan L. Impact of spiritual care on the spiritual and mental health and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. World J Psychiatry. 2021;11(8):449-62.
57. El Nawawi NM, Balboni MJ, Balboni TA. Palliative care and spiritual care: the crucial role of spiritual care in the care of patients with advanced illness. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2012;6(2):269-74.
58. Sankhe A, Dalal K, Agarwal V, Sarve P. Spiritual Care Therapy on Quality of Life in Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers: A Prospective Non-Randomized Single-Cohort Study. J Relig Health. 2017;56(2):725-31.
59. Husain S. Role of mind in designing a meaningful guided imagery of higher power in psychoneuroimmunology. NeuroQuantology. 2016;14(3):597-601.
60. Koenig HG, Cohen HJ. The link between religion and health: Psychoneuroimmunology and the faith factor: Oxford University Press; 2002.
61. De Waele I, Van Loon J, Van Hove G, Schalock RL. Quality of life versus quality of care: Implications for people and programs. JPPID. 2005;2(3‐4):229-39.
62. Purnell JQ, Andersen BL, Wilmot JP. Religious Practice and Spirituality in the Psychological Adjustment of Survivors of Breast Cancer. Couns Values. 2009;53(3):165.
63. Mytko JJ, Knight SJ. Body, mind and spirit: towards the integration of religiosity and spirituality in cancer quality of life research. Psychooncology. 1999;8(5):439-50.
64. A cross-cultural study of spirituality, religion, and personal beliefs as components of quality of life. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(6):1486-97.
2. Rassouli M, Sajjadi M. Palliative Care in Iran: Moving Toward the Development of Palliative Care for Cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2016;33(3):240-4.
3. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-49.
4. Roshandel G, Ferlay J, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Partovipour E, Salavati F, Aryan K, et al. Cancer in Iran 2008 to 2025: Recent incidence trends and short-term predictions of the future burden. Int J Cancer. 2021;149(3):594-605.
5. Gillilan R, Qawi S, Weymiller AJ, Puchalski C. Spiritual distress and spiritual care in advanced heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2017;22(5):581-91.
6. Balboni TA, Paulk ME, Balboni MJ, Phelps AC, Loggers ET, Wright AA, et al. Provision of spiritual care to patients with advanced cancer: associations with medical care and quality of life near death. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3):445-52.
7. Vallurupalli M, Lauderdale K, Balboni MJ, Phelps AC, Block SD, Ng AK, et al. The role of spirituality and religious coping in the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative radiation therapy. J Support Oncol. 2012;10(2):81-7.
8. Pittet V, Vaucher C, Froehlich F, Burnand B, Michetti P, Maillard MH. Patient self-reported concerns in inflammatory bowel diseases: A gender-specific subjective quality-of-life indicator. PLoS One. 2017;12(2): e0171864.
9. Rashid YA, Ghafoor ZA, Masood N, Mehmood T, Awan S, Ansar T, et al. Psychosocial impact of cancer on adult patients. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;62(9):905-9.
10. Sadat Aghahosseini S, Rahmani A, Abdollahzadeh F, Asvadi Kermani I. The Relation between Awareness of Cancer Diagnosis and Spiritual Health among Cancer Patients. J Caring Sci. 2012;1(2):67-72.
11. Jones JM, Cohen SR, Zimmermann C, Rodin G. Quality of life and symptom burden in cancer patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit. J Palliat Care. 2010;26(2):94-102.
12. Thuné-Boyle IC, Stygall JA, Keshtgar MR, Newman SP. Do religious/spiritual coping strategies affect illness adjustment in patients with cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(1):151-64.
13. Brady MJ, Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Mo M, Cella D. A case for including spirituality in quality of life measurement in oncology. Psychooncology. 1999;8(5):417-28.
14. McClain-Jacobson C, Rosenfeld B, Kosinski A, Pessin H, Cimino JE, Breitbart W. Belief in an afterlife, spiritual well-being and end-of-life despair in patients with advanced cancer. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26(6):484-6.
15. Wong KF, Yau SY. Nurses' experiences in spirituality and spiritual care in Hong Kong. Appl Nurs Res. 2010;23(4):242-4.
16. Miller G. Incorporating spirituality in counseling and psychotherapy: Theory and technique: JWS; 2003.
17. Theofilou P. Quality of life: definition and measurement. Eur J Psychol. 2013;9(1):150-162.
18. Organization WH. The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
19. The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9.
20. Fang CY, Schnoll RA. Impact of psychological distress on outcomes in cancer patients. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2002;2(5):495-506.
21. Fischbeck S, Maier BO, Reinholz U, Nehring C, Schwab R, Beutel ME, et al. Assessing somatic, psychosocial, and spiritual distress of patients with advanced cancer: development of the Advanced Cancer Patients' Distress Scale. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013;30(4):339-46.
22. Pearce MJ, Coan AD, Herndon JE, 2nd, Koenig HG, Abernethy AP. Unmet spiritual care needs impact emotional and spiritual well-being in advanced cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20(10):2269-76.
23. Skalla K, McCoy JP. Spiritual assessment of patients with cancer: the moral authority, vocational, aesthetic, social, and transcendent model. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2006;33(4):745-51.
24. Noguchi W, Morita S, Ohno T, Aihara O, Tsujii H, Shimozuma K, et al. Spiritual needs in cancer patients and spiritual care based on logotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(1):65-70.
25. Rapley M. Quality of life research. Quality of Life Research. 2003:1-286.
26. Allart-Vorelli P, Porro B, Baguet F, Michel A, Cousson-Gélie F. Haematological cancer and quality of life: a systematic literature review. Blood Cancer J. 2015;5(4): e305.
27. Damsma-Bakker A, van Leeuwen R. An Online Competency-Based Spiritual Care Education Tool for Oncology Nurses. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2021;37(5):151210.
28. Gijsberts MHE, Liefbroer AI, Otten R, Olsman E. Spiritual Care in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of the Recent European Literature. Med Sci (Basel). 2019;7(2).
29. Chen J, Lin Y, Yan J, Wu Y, Hu R. The effects of spiritual care on quality of life and spiritual well-being among patients with terminal illness: a systematic review. Palliative medicine. 2018 Jul;32(7):1167-79.
30. Saunders C, Summers DH, Teller N. Hospice: the living idea. 1981.
31. Saunders C. The management of terminal illness, 1967. SW. 1958; 2004:91-114.
32. Afshar M, Sadat Z, Bagheri M. The Effect of Spiritual Counseling on Hope in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2021;9(4):313-24.
33. Hojjati H. On the relationship between prayer frequency and spiritual health in patients under hemodialysis therapy. J Fundam. 2010;12(46):21-514.
34. Ghazipoor G, Ahmadian H, Goudarzi M, Amirifard N. Causal Model of Overcoming Death Anxiety by Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Spirituality and the Mediation Role of Resilience in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer: Provide Suggestions to Improve Psychiatric Nursing Services. JCRPS.2021;10(2).
35. Asgari S, Shafiee H. Prediction of elderly quality of life based on internal coherence, mindfulness and spiritual intelligence. Positive Psychology Research. 2017;3(3):61-74.
36. Alaloul F, Schreiber JA, Al Nusairat TS, Andrykowski MA. Spirituality in Arab Muslim Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors: A Qualitative Approach. Cancer Nurs. 2016;39(5): E39-47.
37. Kalfoss MH, Low G, Molzahn AE. The suitability of the WHOQOL-BREF for Canadian and Norwegian older adults. Eur J Ageing. 2008;5(1):77.
38. Lima S, Teixeira L, Esteves R, Ribeiro F, Pereira F, Teixeira A, et al. Spirituality and quality of life in older adults: a path analysis model. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):259.
39. McClain CS, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W. Effect of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients. Lancet. 2003;361(9369):1603-7.
40. Kaplar ME, Wachholtz AB, O'brien WH. The effect of religious and spiritual interventions on the biological, psychological, and spiritual outcomes of oncology patients: A meta-analytic review. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2004;22(1):39-49.
41. Vazifeh Doust M, Hojjati H, Farhangi H. Effect of Spiritual Care Based on Ghalbe Salim on Anxiety in Adolescent with Cancer. J Relig Health. 2020;59(6):2857-65.
42. Livneh H, Lott S, Antonak R. Patterns of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability: A cluster analytic approach. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9(4):411-30.
43. Jafari N, Farajzadegan Z, Zamani A, Bahrami F, Emami H, Loghmani A, et al. Spiritual therapy to improve the spiritual well-being of Iranian women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:353262.
44. Mullis MD, Fisher CL, Kastrinos AL, Sae-Hau M, Weiss ES, Rajotte M, et al. Survivorship transitions in blood cancer: Identifying experiences and supportive care needs for caregivers. J Cancer Surviv. 2023.
45. Sinclair S, McConnell S, Raffin Bouchal S, Ager N, Booker R, Enns B, et al. Patient and healthcare perspectives on the importance and efficacy of addressing spiritual issues within an interdisciplinary bone marrow transplant clinic: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(11): e009392.
46. Kamper R, Van Cleve L, Savedra M. Children with advanced cancer: responses to a spiritual quality of life interview. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2010;15(4):301-6.
47. Scobie G, Caddell C. Quality of life at end of life: Spirituality and coping mechanisms in terminally ill patients. Internet J Pain Symptom Control Palliat Care. 2005;4(1).
48. Zhang B, Nilsson ME, Prigerson HG. Factors important to patients' quality of life at the end of life. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(15):1133-42.
49. Kruizinga R, Hartog ID, Jacobs M, Daams JG, Scherer-Rath M, Schilderman JB, et al. The effect of spiritual interventions addressing existential themes using a narrative approach on quality of life of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2016;25(3):253-65.
50. Cheraghi MA, Payne S, Salsali M. Spiritual aspects of end-of-life care for Muslim patients: experiences from Iran. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2005;11(9):468-74.
51. Nedjat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh R. Psychometric properties of the Iranian interview-administered version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF): a population-based study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008; 8:61.
52. Richards PS, Bergin AE. A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. 1997.
53. Miller G. Incorporating spirituality in counseling and psychotherapy: Theory and technique: JWS; 2003.
54. Cook CC. Spirituality, religion & mental health: exploring the boundaries. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2020;23(5):363-74.
55. Shah R, Kulhara P, Grover S, Kumar S, Malhotra R, Tyagi S. Relationship between spirituality/religiousness and coping in patients with residual schizophrenia. Qual Life Res. 2011;20(7):1053-60.
56. Sun XH, Liu X, Zhang B, Wang YM, Fan L. Impact of spiritual care on the spiritual and mental health and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. World J Psychiatry. 2021;11(8):449-62.
57. El Nawawi NM, Balboni MJ, Balboni TA. Palliative care and spiritual care: the crucial role of spiritual care in the care of patients with advanced illness. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2012;6(2):269-74.
58. Sankhe A, Dalal K, Agarwal V, Sarve P. Spiritual Care Therapy on Quality of Life in Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers: A Prospective Non-Randomized Single-Cohort Study. J Relig Health. 2017;56(2):725-31.
59. Husain S. Role of mind in designing a meaningful guided imagery of higher power in psychoneuroimmunology. NeuroQuantology. 2016;14(3):597-601.
60. Koenig HG, Cohen HJ. The link between religion and health: Psychoneuroimmunology and the faith factor: Oxford University Press; 2002.
61. De Waele I, Van Loon J, Van Hove G, Schalock RL. Quality of life versus quality of care: Implications for people and programs. JPPID. 2005;2(3‐4):229-39.
62. Purnell JQ, Andersen BL, Wilmot JP. Religious Practice and Spirituality in the Psychological Adjustment of Survivors of Breast Cancer. Couns Values. 2009;53(3):165.
63. Mytko JJ, Knight SJ. Body, mind and spirit: towards the integration of religiosity and spirituality in cancer quality of life research. Psychooncology. 1999;8(5):439-50.
64. A cross-cultural study of spirituality, religion, and personal beliefs as components of quality of life. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(6):1486-97.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v19i1.14346 | |
| Keywords | ||
| End of Life Hospice Care Leukemia Quality of Life Spiritual Therapies | ||
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How to Cite
1.
TabaTabaei M, Yaghoobi Beglar N, Rezaei F, Izadi Poor E. Impact of Spiritual End-of-Life Support on the Quality of Life for Leukemia Patients. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;19(1):107-118.
