Comparison of Brain Activity between Patients with Parkinson Disease Dementia and Patients Affected by Dementia with Lewy Body through EEG Analysis
-
Sharara Fadhil Abbood
,
Israa Jawad Abdul-Rasul
,
Amaal Sahib Al-Zughaibi
,
Hamzah Kzar Al-Shukri
,
Fadak B. Rabee
,
Zainab A. Fadhil
,
Zainab A.A. Radhi
Abstract
Objective: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are two syndromes categorized under synucleinopathy, sharing comparable symptoms. The identification of biomarkers would offer an accurate approach for improved diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy for these distinct forms of dementia.
Method: This study utilized spectral analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis to compare electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics between PDD and DLB patients. EEG data was collected from 30 PDD patients, 36 DLB patients, and 36 healthy subjects at rest. Following a conditioning phase to minimize noise and eliminate artifacts, we derived spectral and complexity features using Welch's method and sample entropy. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to compare spectral features and nonlinear dynamics of brain activity between the groups.
Results: Post hoc comparison showed that in the control group, the power of delta and theta bands was lower and the power of alpha and beta bands was higher than in patients with PDD and DLB. (P < 0.05). In the theta and alpha bands, the PDD group showed greater power than the DLB group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant main effect of diagnosis (F = 4.67, P = 0.007), and also the diagnosis by region interaction for complexity values (F = 4.58, P = 0.009). Post hoc analysis showed that the EEG complexity of the control group was significantly higher than that of the PDD and DLB groups in the frontal, central, temporal and parietal regions (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EEG complexity of the PDD group was significantly higher than that of the DLB group in the central, temporal and parietal regions (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Although both PDD and DLB had almost similar patterns compared to the control group, they showed differences in the EEG power spectrum and its nonlinear dynamics. Our findings indicated marked diffuse slowing and lower cortical complexity or activity in DLB patients compared to PDD in all regions, especially in the central, temporal and parietal areas.
1. Gonzalez MC, Tovar-Rios DA, Alves G, Dalen I, Williams-Gray CH, Camacho M, et al. Cognitive and Motor Decline in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2023;10(6):980-6.
2. Xu J, Li J, Sun YJ, Quan W, Liu L, Zhang QH, et al. Identification of key genes and signaling pathways associated with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia using bioinformatics. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1029370.
3. Martin WRW, Younce JR, Campbell MC, Racette BA, Norris SA, Ushe M, et al. Neocortical Lewy Body Pathology Parallels Parkinson's Dementia, but Not Always. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(1):184-95.
4. Chang YT, Huang CW, Chang HI, Hsu SW, Lee CC, Huang SH, et al. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver Stress in Parkinson's Disease with Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Parkinsons Dis. 2023;13(2):243-54.
5. Musaeus CS, Kjaer TW, Cacic Hribljan M, Andersen BB, Høgh P, Kidmose P, et al. Subclinical Epileptiform Activity in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Mov Disord. 2023;38(10):1861-70.
6. Borghammer P, Okkels N, Weintraub D. Jellinger K, "Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: One and the Same". J Parkinsons Dis. 2024;14(5):1073-4.
7. Prajjwal P, Kolanu ND, Reddy YB, Ahmed A, Marsool MDM, Santoshi K, et al. Association of Parkinson's disease to Parkinson's plus syndromes, Lewy body dementia, and Alzheimer's dementia. Health Sci Rep. 2024;7(4):e2019.
8. Baik K, Kim HR, Park M, Lee Y, Na HK, Sohn YH, et al. Effect of Amyloid on Cognitive Performance in Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Mov Disord. 2023;38(2):278-85.
9. Hansen D, Ling H, Lashley T, Foley JA, Strand C, Eid TM, et al. Novel clinicopathological characteristics differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2021;47(1):143-56.
10. Ciafone J, Little B, Thomas AJ, Gallagher P. The Neuropsychological Profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Lewy Body Dementias. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2020;26(2):210-25.
11. Francis PT. Biochemical and pathological correlates of cognitive and behavioural change in DLB/PDD. J Neurol. 2009;256 Suppl 3:280-5.
12. Caminiti SP, Carli G. Molecular imaging evidence in favor or against PDD and DLB overlap. Neuroimaging in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: Elsevier; 2023. p. 275-95.
13. Zinno L, Negrotti A, Falzoi C, Messa G, Goldoni M, Calzetti S. Generalized Rhythmic Delta Activity Frontally Predominant Differentiates Dementia with Lewy Bodies From Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A Conventional Electroencephalography Visual Analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2022;53(5):426-34.
14. Friedman JH. Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia: It is the Same Disease! Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;46 Suppl 1:S6-s9.
15. Jellinger KA. Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease-dementia: current concepts and controversies. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2018;125(4):615-50.
16. Petrova M, Mehrabian-Spasova S, Aarsland D, Raycheva M, Traykov L. Clinical and Neuropsychological Differences between Mild Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2015;5(2):212-20.
17. Lourenco MV, Ribeiro FC, Santos LE, Beckman D, Melo HM, Sudo FK, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurotransmitters, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;82(3):1067-74.
18. Menšíková K, Matěj R, Colosimo C, Rosales R, Tučková L, Ehrmann J, et al. Lewy body disease or diseases with Lewy bodies? NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):3.
19. Yıldırım E, Aktürk T, Hanoğlu L, Güntekin B. Cognitive decline is reflected with aberrant EEG theta and alpha responses in patients with Parkinson's disesase dementia and dementia with lewy body disease. Anatomy: International Journal of Experimental & Clinical Anatomy. 2019;13.
20. Stylianou M, Murphy N, Peraza LR, Graziadio S, Cromarty R, Killen A, et al. Quantitative electroencephalography as a marker of cognitive fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies and an aid to differential diagnosis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;129(6):1209-20.
21. Law ZK, Todd C, Mehraram R, Schumacher J, Baker MR, LeBeau FEN, et al. The Role of EEG in the Diagnosis, Prognosis and Clinical Correlations of Dementia with Lewy Bodies-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(9).
22. Chatzikonstantinou S, McKenna J, Karantali E, Petridis F, Kazis D, Mavroudis I. Electroencephalogram in dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(5):1197-208.
23. Shirahige L, Berenguer-Rocha M, Mendonça S, Rocha S, Rodrigues MC, Monte-Silva K. Quantitative Electroencephalography Characteristics for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(2):455-70.
24. Gonzalez MC, Dalen I, Maple-Grødem J, Tysnes OB, Alves G. Parkinson's disease clinical milestones and mortality. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):58.
25. Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Shahi K, Nasrabadi AM. Computational Neuroscience Approach to Psychiatry: A Review on Theory-driven Approaches. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2022;20(1):26-36.
26. Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Shahi K, Motie Nasrabadi A. Possible Neuropathological Mechanisms Underlying the Increased Complexity of Brain Electrical Activity in Schizophrenia: A Computational Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(2):127-33.
27. Khaleghi A, Sheikhani A, Mohammadi MR, Moti Nasrabadi A. Evaluation of Cerebral Cortex Function in Clients with Bipolar Mood Disorder I (BMD I) Compared With BMD II Using QEEG Analysis. Iran J Psychiatry. 2015;10(2):93-9.
28. Afzali A, Khaleghi A, Hatef B, Akbari Movahed R, Pirzad Jahromi G. Automated major depressive disorder diagnosis using a dual-input deep learning model and image generation from EEG signals. Waves in Random and Complex Media. 2023:1-16.
29. Campos-Ugaz WA, Palacios Garay JP, Rivera-Lozada O, Alarcón Diaz MA, Fuster-Guillén D, Tejada Arana AA. An Overview of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Approaches: Clinical Opportunities and Challenges. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(2):237-47.
30. Ekhlasi A, Motie Nasrabadi A, Mohammadi MR. Analysis of Effective Connectivity Strength in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Phase Transfer Entropy. Iran J Psychiatry. 2021;16(4):374-82.
31. Sánchez-Reyes L-M, Rodríguez-Reséndiz J, Avecilla-Ramírez GN, García-Gomar M-L, Robles-Ocampo J-B. Impact of eeg parameters detecting dementia diseases: A systematic review. IEEE Access. 2021;9:78060-74.
32. McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Halliday G, Taylor JP, Weintraub D, et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017;89(1):88-100.
33. Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, Burn DJ, Duyckaerts C, Mizuno Y, et al. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2007;22(12):1689-707; quiz 837.
34. Schultz-Larsen K, Lomholt RK, Kreiner S. Mini-Mental Status Examination: a short form of MMSE was as accurate as the original MMSE in predicting dementia. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(3):260-7.
35. Moeini M, Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR. Characteristics of Alpha Band Frequency in Adolescents with Bipolar II Disorder: A Resting-State QEEG Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2015;10(1):8-12.
36. Syaifulloh MK, Hanafi M, Ardyanto TD, Wiyono N, Budianto P, Jumiatmoko J. Electroencephalography (EEG) Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Index as an Indicator of Children's Emotions in the Three Quran Learning Methods: Visual, Auditory, and Memory. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(1):93-6.
37. Moeini M, Khaleghi A, Amiri N, Niknam Z. Quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) Spectrum Analysis of Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder Compared to Normal Subjects. Iran J Psychiatry. 2014;9(4):216-21.
38. Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Moeini M, Zarafshan H, Fadaei Fooladi M. Abnormalities of Alpha Activity in Frontocentral Region of the Brain as a Biomarker to Diagnose Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2019;50(5):311-8.
39. Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Nasrabadi AM, Rafieivand S, Begol M, Zarafshan H. EEG classification of ADHD and normal children using non-linear features and neural network. Biomedical Engineering Letters. 2016;6:66-73.
40. Zarafshan H, Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Moeini M, Malmir N. Electroencephalogram complexity analysis in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during a visual cognitive task. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2016;38(3):361-9.
41. Khaleghi A, Sheikhani A, Mohammadi MR, Nasrabadi AM, Vand SR, Zarafshan H, et al. EEG classification of adolescents with type I and type II of bipolar disorder. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2015;38(4):551-9.
42. Babiloni C, Lizio R, Del Percio C, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Salvatore E, et al. Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are sensitive to the progression of early stage Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;34(4):1015-35.
43. Liu H, Deng B, Zhou H, Wu Z, Chen Y, Weng G, et al. QEEG indices are associated with inflammatory and metabolic risk factors in Parkinson's disease dementia: An observational study. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;52:101615.
44. Massa F, Meli R, Grazzini M, Famà F, De Carli F, Filippi L, et al. Utility of quantitative EEG in early Lewy body disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020;75:70-5.
45. Francis PT, Perry EK. Cholinergic and other neurotransmitter mechanisms in Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Mov Disord. 2007;22 Suppl 17:S351-7.
46. Kim HJ, Lee JE, Shin SJ, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Analysis of the substantia innominata volume in patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's disease. J Mov Disord. 2011;4(2):68-72.
47. Pallathadka H, Gardanova ZR, Al-Tameemi AR, Al-Dhalimy AMB, Kadhum EH, Redhee AH. Investigating Cortical Complexity in Mixed Dementia through Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses: A Resting-State EEG Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2024;19(3):327-36.
48. Hernández RM, Ponce-Meza JC, Saavedra-López M, Campos Ugaz WA, Chanduvi RM, Monteza WC. Brain Complexity and Psychiatric Disorders. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(4):493-502.
49. Şeker M, Özbek Y, Yener G, Özerdem MS. Complexity of EEG Dynamics for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Permutation Entropy Neuromarker. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021;206:106116.
50. Yang AC, Wang SJ, Lai KL, Tsai CF, Yang CH, Hwang JP, et al. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric correlates of EEG dynamic complexity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;47:52-61.
51. McBride JC, Zhao X, Munro NB, Smith CD, Jicha GA, Hively L, et al. Spectral and complexity analysis of scalp EEG characteristics for mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014;114(2):153-63.
52. Serra L, Bruschini M, Di Domenico C, Mancini M, Bechi Gabrielli G, Bonarota S, et al. Behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia and functional connectivity changes: a network-based study. Neurobiol Aging. 2020;94:196-206.
2. Xu J, Li J, Sun YJ, Quan W, Liu L, Zhang QH, et al. Identification of key genes and signaling pathways associated with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia using bioinformatics. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1029370.
3. Martin WRW, Younce JR, Campbell MC, Racette BA, Norris SA, Ushe M, et al. Neocortical Lewy Body Pathology Parallels Parkinson's Dementia, but Not Always. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(1):184-95.
4. Chang YT, Huang CW, Chang HI, Hsu SW, Lee CC, Huang SH, et al. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver Stress in Parkinson's Disease with Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Parkinsons Dis. 2023;13(2):243-54.
5. Musaeus CS, Kjaer TW, Cacic Hribljan M, Andersen BB, Høgh P, Kidmose P, et al. Subclinical Epileptiform Activity in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Mov Disord. 2023;38(10):1861-70.
6. Borghammer P, Okkels N, Weintraub D. Jellinger K, "Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: One and the Same". J Parkinsons Dis. 2024;14(5):1073-4.
7. Prajjwal P, Kolanu ND, Reddy YB, Ahmed A, Marsool MDM, Santoshi K, et al. Association of Parkinson's disease to Parkinson's plus syndromes, Lewy body dementia, and Alzheimer's dementia. Health Sci Rep. 2024;7(4):e2019.
8. Baik K, Kim HR, Park M, Lee Y, Na HK, Sohn YH, et al. Effect of Amyloid on Cognitive Performance in Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Mov Disord. 2023;38(2):278-85.
9. Hansen D, Ling H, Lashley T, Foley JA, Strand C, Eid TM, et al. Novel clinicopathological characteristics differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2021;47(1):143-56.
10. Ciafone J, Little B, Thomas AJ, Gallagher P. The Neuropsychological Profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Lewy Body Dementias. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2020;26(2):210-25.
11. Francis PT. Biochemical and pathological correlates of cognitive and behavioural change in DLB/PDD. J Neurol. 2009;256 Suppl 3:280-5.
12. Caminiti SP, Carli G. Molecular imaging evidence in favor or against PDD and DLB overlap. Neuroimaging in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: Elsevier; 2023. p. 275-95.
13. Zinno L, Negrotti A, Falzoi C, Messa G, Goldoni M, Calzetti S. Generalized Rhythmic Delta Activity Frontally Predominant Differentiates Dementia with Lewy Bodies From Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A Conventional Electroencephalography Visual Analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2022;53(5):426-34.
14. Friedman JH. Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia: It is the Same Disease! Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;46 Suppl 1:S6-s9.
15. Jellinger KA. Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease-dementia: current concepts and controversies. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2018;125(4):615-50.
16. Petrova M, Mehrabian-Spasova S, Aarsland D, Raycheva M, Traykov L. Clinical and Neuropsychological Differences between Mild Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2015;5(2):212-20.
17. Lourenco MV, Ribeiro FC, Santos LE, Beckman D, Melo HM, Sudo FK, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurotransmitters, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;82(3):1067-74.
18. Menšíková K, Matěj R, Colosimo C, Rosales R, Tučková L, Ehrmann J, et al. Lewy body disease or diseases with Lewy bodies? NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):3.
19. Yıldırım E, Aktürk T, Hanoğlu L, Güntekin B. Cognitive decline is reflected with aberrant EEG theta and alpha responses in patients with Parkinson's disesase dementia and dementia with lewy body disease. Anatomy: International Journal of Experimental & Clinical Anatomy. 2019;13.
20. Stylianou M, Murphy N, Peraza LR, Graziadio S, Cromarty R, Killen A, et al. Quantitative electroencephalography as a marker of cognitive fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies and an aid to differential diagnosis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;129(6):1209-20.
21. Law ZK, Todd C, Mehraram R, Schumacher J, Baker MR, LeBeau FEN, et al. The Role of EEG in the Diagnosis, Prognosis and Clinical Correlations of Dementia with Lewy Bodies-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(9).
22. Chatzikonstantinou S, McKenna J, Karantali E, Petridis F, Kazis D, Mavroudis I. Electroencephalogram in dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(5):1197-208.
23. Shirahige L, Berenguer-Rocha M, Mendonça S, Rocha S, Rodrigues MC, Monte-Silva K. Quantitative Electroencephalography Characteristics for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(2):455-70.
24. Gonzalez MC, Dalen I, Maple-Grødem J, Tysnes OB, Alves G. Parkinson's disease clinical milestones and mortality. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):58.
25. Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Shahi K, Nasrabadi AM. Computational Neuroscience Approach to Psychiatry: A Review on Theory-driven Approaches. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2022;20(1):26-36.
26. Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Shahi K, Motie Nasrabadi A. Possible Neuropathological Mechanisms Underlying the Increased Complexity of Brain Electrical Activity in Schizophrenia: A Computational Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(2):127-33.
27. Khaleghi A, Sheikhani A, Mohammadi MR, Moti Nasrabadi A. Evaluation of Cerebral Cortex Function in Clients with Bipolar Mood Disorder I (BMD I) Compared With BMD II Using QEEG Analysis. Iran J Psychiatry. 2015;10(2):93-9.
28. Afzali A, Khaleghi A, Hatef B, Akbari Movahed R, Pirzad Jahromi G. Automated major depressive disorder diagnosis using a dual-input deep learning model and image generation from EEG signals. Waves in Random and Complex Media. 2023:1-16.
29. Campos-Ugaz WA, Palacios Garay JP, Rivera-Lozada O, Alarcón Diaz MA, Fuster-Guillén D, Tejada Arana AA. An Overview of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Approaches: Clinical Opportunities and Challenges. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(2):237-47.
30. Ekhlasi A, Motie Nasrabadi A, Mohammadi MR. Analysis of Effective Connectivity Strength in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Phase Transfer Entropy. Iran J Psychiatry. 2021;16(4):374-82.
31. Sánchez-Reyes L-M, Rodríguez-Reséndiz J, Avecilla-Ramírez GN, García-Gomar M-L, Robles-Ocampo J-B. Impact of eeg parameters detecting dementia diseases: A systematic review. IEEE Access. 2021;9:78060-74.
32. McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Halliday G, Taylor JP, Weintraub D, et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017;89(1):88-100.
33. Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, Burn DJ, Duyckaerts C, Mizuno Y, et al. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2007;22(12):1689-707; quiz 837.
34. Schultz-Larsen K, Lomholt RK, Kreiner S. Mini-Mental Status Examination: a short form of MMSE was as accurate as the original MMSE in predicting dementia. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(3):260-7.
35. Moeini M, Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR. Characteristics of Alpha Band Frequency in Adolescents with Bipolar II Disorder: A Resting-State QEEG Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2015;10(1):8-12.
36. Syaifulloh MK, Hanafi M, Ardyanto TD, Wiyono N, Budianto P, Jumiatmoko J. Electroencephalography (EEG) Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Index as an Indicator of Children's Emotions in the Three Quran Learning Methods: Visual, Auditory, and Memory. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(1):93-6.
37. Moeini M, Khaleghi A, Amiri N, Niknam Z. Quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) Spectrum Analysis of Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder Compared to Normal Subjects. Iran J Psychiatry. 2014;9(4):216-21.
38. Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Moeini M, Zarafshan H, Fadaei Fooladi M. Abnormalities of Alpha Activity in Frontocentral Region of the Brain as a Biomarker to Diagnose Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2019;50(5):311-8.
39. Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Nasrabadi AM, Rafieivand S, Begol M, Zarafshan H. EEG classification of ADHD and normal children using non-linear features and neural network. Biomedical Engineering Letters. 2016;6:66-73.
40. Zarafshan H, Khaleghi A, Mohammadi MR, Moeini M, Malmir N. Electroencephalogram complexity analysis in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during a visual cognitive task. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2016;38(3):361-9.
41. Khaleghi A, Sheikhani A, Mohammadi MR, Nasrabadi AM, Vand SR, Zarafshan H, et al. EEG classification of adolescents with type I and type II of bipolar disorder. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2015;38(4):551-9.
42. Babiloni C, Lizio R, Del Percio C, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Salvatore E, et al. Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are sensitive to the progression of early stage Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;34(4):1015-35.
43. Liu H, Deng B, Zhou H, Wu Z, Chen Y, Weng G, et al. QEEG indices are associated with inflammatory and metabolic risk factors in Parkinson's disease dementia: An observational study. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;52:101615.
44. Massa F, Meli R, Grazzini M, Famà F, De Carli F, Filippi L, et al. Utility of quantitative EEG in early Lewy body disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020;75:70-5.
45. Francis PT, Perry EK. Cholinergic and other neurotransmitter mechanisms in Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Mov Disord. 2007;22 Suppl 17:S351-7.
46. Kim HJ, Lee JE, Shin SJ, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Analysis of the substantia innominata volume in patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's disease. J Mov Disord. 2011;4(2):68-72.
47. Pallathadka H, Gardanova ZR, Al-Tameemi AR, Al-Dhalimy AMB, Kadhum EH, Redhee AH. Investigating Cortical Complexity in Mixed Dementia through Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses: A Resting-State EEG Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2024;19(3):327-36.
48. Hernández RM, Ponce-Meza JC, Saavedra-López M, Campos Ugaz WA, Chanduvi RM, Monteza WC. Brain Complexity and Psychiatric Disorders. Iran J Psychiatry. 2023;18(4):493-502.
49. Şeker M, Özbek Y, Yener G, Özerdem MS. Complexity of EEG Dynamics for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Permutation Entropy Neuromarker. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021;206:106116.
50. Yang AC, Wang SJ, Lai KL, Tsai CF, Yang CH, Hwang JP, et al. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric correlates of EEG dynamic complexity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;47:52-61.
51. McBride JC, Zhao X, Munro NB, Smith CD, Jicha GA, Hively L, et al. Spectral and complexity analysis of scalp EEG characteristics for mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014;114(2):153-63.
52. Serra L, Bruschini M, Di Domenico C, Mancini M, Bechi Gabrielli G, Bonarota S, et al. Behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia and functional connectivity changes: a network-based study. Neurobiol Aging. 2020;94:196-206.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16548 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Brain Complexity Analysis Electroencephalogram Lewy Body Dementia Parkinson's Disease | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Abbood S, Abdul-Rasul I, Al-Zughaibi A, Kzar Al-Shukri H, Rabee F, Fadhil Z, Radhi Z. Comparison of Brain Activity between Patients with Parkinson Disease Dementia and Patients Affected by Dementia with Lewy Body through EEG Analysis. Iran J Psychiatry. 2024;19(4):346-355.
