Articles

Aggression And Attachment Security

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine the factors related aggression in Iranian and Indian school children.
Method:
Attachment security (dependency, availability, and total) considered as the variable. The KSS questionnaire was administrated students in the 5th grade; 300 were Iranian and 300 were Indian consisted of 150 boys and 150 girls).
Results:
Attachment security demonstrated significant negative correlations with aggression in the boys, girls and the total Iranian sample. The dependency on mothers was the only case with insignificant correlation.In the Indian sample, attachment security was also found to be significantly negatively correlated with aggression. The only exception was the correlation between mother's availability and aggression in girls, which was not significant
Conclusion:
It is important that parents treat their children in a tender, manner so that a secure attachment develop between them.

Hetherington EM, Parke RD, Locke VO. Child psychology: a contemporary viewpoint: New York: McGraw-Hill; 1986.

Buss AH. The psychology of aggression: New York: Wiley; 1961.

Dollard J, Doob LW, Miller NE, Mowrer OH, Sears RR. Frustrations and Aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1939.

Ainsworth MDS. The development of infant- mother attachment. In: Caldwell BM, Ricciuti HN, eds. Review of child development research (vol.3). Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1973. p. 1-94.

Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. London: Hogarth Press; 1969.

Elicker J, Englund M, Sroufe LA. Predicting peer competence and peer relationships in childhood from early parent-child relationships. In: Parke RD, Ladd GW eds. Family-peer Relationships: Modes of Linkage. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1992. p. 77-106.

Kerns KA, Klepac L, Cole AK. Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the mother–child relationship. Dev Psychol 1996; 32: 457–466.

Ainsworth MDS. Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1978.

Main M, Kaplan N, Cassidy J. Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: a move to the level of representation. In: Bretherton I, Waters E, eds. Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1985. p. 66-104.

Armsden GC, Greenberg MT. The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 1987; 16: 427-454.

Rudolph KD, Hammen C, Burge D. Cognitive representations of self, family, and peers in school-age children: links with social competence and sociometric status. Child Dev 1995; 66: 1385-1402.

Bowlby J. Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds. Tavistock, London: Routledge; 1979.

Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four- category model. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991; 61: 226-244.

Kerns KA, Stevens AC. Parent-child attachment in late adolescence: Links to social relations and personality. J Youth Adolesc 1996; 25: 323-342.

McCormick CB, Kennedy JH. Parent-child attachment working models and self-esteem in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 1994; 23: 1-18.

Havighurst RJ. Human development and education: New York: Longmans, Green; 1953.

Blos P. The second individuation process of adolescence. Psychoanal Study Child 1967; 22: 162-186.

Larson RW, Richards MH, Moneta G, Holmbeck G, Duckett E. Changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from age 10 to 18: disengagement and transformation. Dev Psychol 1996; 32: 744-754.

Steinberg L. Autonomy, conflict, and harmony in the family relationship. In: Feldman SS, Elliott GR, eds. At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1991. p. 255-276.

Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss. New York: Basic Books; 1975.

Eron LD, Banta TJ, Walder LO, Laulicht JH. Comparison of data obtained from mothers and fathers on child-rearing practices and their relation to child aggression. Child Dev 1961; 32: 457-472.

Lefkowitz MM, Eron LD, Walder LO, Huesmann LR. Growing Upto be Violent: New York: Pergamon Press; 1977.

Mehta S. A study of child psychopathology in related to attachment security and parental marital adjustment [M. Phil Thesis]. Chandigarh: Panjab University; 2002.

Arend R, Gove FL, Sroufe LA. Continuity of individual adaptation from infancy to kindergarten: a predictive study of ego- resiliency and curiosity in preschoolers. Child Dev 1979; 50: 950-959.

Waters E, Wippman J, Sroufe LA. Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: two studies in construct validation. Child Dev 1979; 50: 821-829.

Sroufe LA. Infant-Caregiver Attachment and Patterns of Adaptation In Preschool: The Roots of Maladaptation and Competence. In: Perlmutter M, ed. Minnesota Symposium on Child psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1983. p. 41-81.

Sroufe LA. A Developmental Perspective on Day Care. Early Child Res Q 1988; 3: 283- 291.

Sroufe LA. The role of infant-caregiver attachment in development. In: Belsky J, Nezworski T, eds. Clinical implications of attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988. p. 18-38.

Erickson M, Sroufe LA, Egeland B. The relationship between quality of attachment and behavior problems in preschool in a high-risk sample. In: Bretherton I, Waters E, eds. Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development; 1985. p. 147- 167.

Suess GL. [Consequences of early attachment experiences on competence in preschool] [PhD thesis]. Germany: University of Regensburg; 1987.

Amberson SR. Child Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1978.

Kohn ML. Class and conformity: a study in values, with a reassessment (2nd Ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1977.

Laosa LM. Maternal behavior: Socio-cultural diversity in modes of family interaction. In: Henderson RW, ed. Parent-child interaction. Theory, research and prospects. New York: Academic Press; 1981. p. 125-167.

Lesser GS. Maternal attitudes and practices and the aggressive behavior of children [PhD thesis]. New Haven: Yale University; 1952.

Files
IssueVol 2 No 2 (2007) QRcode
SectionArticles
Keywords
Aggression Attachment India Iran Parent-child relation

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Verma P, Talebi BZ. Aggression And Attachment Security. Iran J Psychiatry. 1;2(2):72-77.