Spiritual Health and Psychological Well-Being and their Relationship with General Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Abstract
Objective: Mothers of children suffering with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) experience substantial psychological challenges that may affect their perceived self-efficacy. While psychological well-being and spiritual health are considered important protective factors, their relative contributions to general self-efficacy in this population remain insufficiently explored in Iran. This study aimed to investigate whether psychological well-being and spiritual health are correlated with the general self-efficacy of mothers of children with ID or ASD in Qom, Iran.
Method: This was a correlational cross-sectional study involving the participation of 100 mothers of children with ID (n = 49) and ASD (n = 51) who were enrolled via multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Spiritual Health Questionnaire for the Iranian Population, the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, and the Sherer Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 22, with the significance level set at P < 0.05.
Results: The study revealed that psychological well-being was positively and significantly correlated with general self-efficacy in both mothers of children with ASD (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and mothers of children with ID (r = 0.65, P < 0.001).
In contrast, spiritual health showed no significant association with general self-efficacy in either group (P > 0.05). Regression analyses showed that psychological well-being explained 38% of the variance in general self-efficacy among mothers of children with ASD and 42% among mothers of children with ID (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of psychological well-being as a substantial predictor of general self-efficacy among mothers of children with ID and ASD. Thus, interventions to strengthen maternal self-efficacy are recommended to be considered a means of promoting self-efficacy, while the role of spiritual health requires further study.
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| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder Intellectual Disability Psychological Well-Being Self-Efficacy Spirituality | ||
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