Articles

Multiple Roles And Women’s Quality Of Life:In Iran (Zabol)

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the combination of paid employment promotes or challenges the quality of life of married employed and unemployed women in Iran.
Method: The samples consisted of 250 married employed women (175 professionals and 75 non-professionals) and 250 married unemployed. Stratified convenience sampling technique was used for the selection of the sample. One demographic sheet and the Persian version of World Health Organization -Quality of Life (IRQOL) were chosen for collection of data. SPSS was used for analyzing data.
Results: professional employed and unemployed women differed significantly on quality of life, physical health, and psychological health. Professional employed and unemployed women did not differ significantly on two of the subscales of quality of life, social relationship and environment. Professional employed women were found to be significantly higher on quality of life, physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment than non-professional women. Non-professional employed women were found to be significantly lower on quality of life, social relationship, and environment than unemployed women. Non- professional employed women did not differ significantly on physical health and psychological health than unemployed women.
Conclusions: The present study clearly evinces that employment status per se is not important. In other words, employment for women does not always ensure good quality of life. Status and level of works is important factor for creation the positive consequences of work in women.

Bachtold LM,Werner EE. Personality characteristics of creative women. Percept Mot Skills 1973; 36: 311-319.

Donelson E,Gullahorn JE. Women: A Psychological Perspective. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1977.

Rashidi F. [The prevalence of depression among working women. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis]. Medical University and Education Center in Zanjan; 1995.

Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakoee Naeeni K, Mohammad K,Majdzadeh SR. Translation, reliability and validity of Iranian form of World Health Quality of life (WHQOL-BREF). j health research institute 2007; 4: 1-12.

Nasiri H. The survey of reliability and validity of short form of World Health Quality of life(WHQOL-BREF),and preparing Iranian version of it(IRQOL). Third seminar of university student's mental health 2007; 369- 373.

MirahmadiZadeh AR, Nakhaei Amroodi N, Tabatabaei S,Shafieian R. [Marital satisfaction and related determining effectual factors in Shiraz]. Quarterly of Andeesheh Va Raftar 2003; 8: 56-63.

Artazcoz L, Borrell C, Benach J, Cortes I,Rohlfs I. Women, family demands and health: the importance of employment status and socio-economic position. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 263-274 .

Noroozi A. [Recognition the effective factors for sharing women to rural developmental activity in Bandar Anzali, Gillan. Unpublished M.A. Theses ]. Tehran Agriculture University; 1994.

Sears HA,Galambos NL. The employed mother's well-being. In: Frankel J, eds. The employed mother and the family context . New York: Spring; 1993.

Ytterdahl T,Fugelli P. Health and quality of life among long-term unemployed. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2000; 120: 1308-1311.

Schoon I, Hansson L,Salmela-Aro K. Life Satisfaction Among Married and Divorced Men and Women in Estonia, Finland, and the UK. European Psychologist 2005; 10: 309-319.

Ahmad S,Khanna P. Job stress and job satisfaction of middle level hotel employees. J Pers and Clin Studies 1992; 8: 51-56.

Honjo K, Iso H, Inoue M,Tsugane S. Education, social roles, and the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Japanese women: the JPHC Study Cohort I. Stroke 2008; 39: 2886-2890.

Moore K, Spain D,Bianchi S. Working wives and mothers. Mar Fam rev 1984; 7: 77-98.

Tabatatabaei Yahya Abadi Sh. The effect of employment status on the self-esteem and mental health of Iranian employed and unemployed people. Tehran: Ministry of Labor and Social Affair Publications; 1993.

Asadi Sadeghi Azar I,Vasudeva P. [Hardiness :Acomparative study of employed and unemployed married women in Iran]. Iran J Psychiatry 2006; 12: 70-75.

Chaudhry M. A study of marital adjustment, role conflict, fear of success, general well- being and life stress amongst working and non-working married women [Unpublished Ph.D thesis] Chandigarh: Panjan University; 1995.

Shukla A,Saxena S. Women’s satisfaction with the dual work role. Psychol Research 1988; 31: 239-242.

Kazemi Haghighi H. [Self-esteem and employment. unpublished thesis]. Iran Information Center .Tehran; 2000.

Loyttyniemi V, Virtanen P,Rantalaiho L. Work and family as constituents of sense of coherence. Qual Health Res 2004; 14: 924- 941.

Pearson QM. Role overload, job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction, and psychological health among employed women. J Couns Deve 2008; 86: 57-63.

Sinha AK. Job Satisfaction: A study of the bank employees. Indian J Industrial Relations 1985; 21: 62-65.

Ahmad-Nia S. Women's work and health in Iran: a comparison of working and non-working mothers. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 753-765.

Macran S, Clarke L,Joshi H. Women's health: dimensions and differentials. Soc Sci Med 1996; 42: 1203-1216.

Burlew AK,Johnson JL. Role conflict and career advancement among African American women in non-traditional professions. Career Dev Q 1992; 40: 302-312.

Yogev S. An eclectic model of supervision: a developmental sequence for beginning psychotherapy students. Prof Psychol 1982; 13: 236-243.

Perrucci CC, Potter HR,Rhoads DL. Determinants of male family-role performance. Psychol Women Q 1978; 3: 53-66.

Waldron I,Jacobs JA. Effects of multiple roles on women's health--evidence from a national longitudinal study. Women Health 1989; 15: 3- 19.

Elliott BJ,Huppert FA. In sickness and in health: associations between physical and mental well-being, employment and parental status in a British nationwide sample of married women. Psychol Med 1991; 21: 515- 524.

Walter V, Lenton R,McKeary M. Women’s health in the context of women’s lives. Ministery of Supply and Services Canada 1995: Cat. no.H٣٩- ٣٢٤.

Lahelma E, Martikainen P, Laaksonen M,Aittomaki A. Pathways between socioeconomic determinants of health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004; 58: 327- 332.

Iqbal A, Nadeem R,Fatima N. Anxiety in non- working women with reference totheir education, family system and number of children. Pakistan J Med Sci 2004; 20: 345- ٣٤٨.

Erlandsson LK,Eklund M. The relationships of hassles and uplifts to experience of health in working women. Women Health 2003; 38: 19- 37.

Files
IssueVol 3 No 3 (2008) QRcode
SectionArticles
Keywords
Iran Quality of Life Role Social psychology Women

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Bidmeshki EA, Heidari M, Azar IAS, Forghani F, Basirani N. Multiple Roles And Women’s Quality Of Life:In Iran (Zabol). Iran J Psychiatry. 1;3(3):93-99.