Recognition of Famous and Unfamiliar Faces among Patients Suffering from Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease
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Abstract
Objective: Memory assessment for the early diagnosis of cortical dementia is a complicated process which depends on important factors such as facial recognition and naming. These factors could be considered to carry a predictive power to detect neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to study and compare naming or recognizing famous faces with the recognition of newly learned faces among patients with Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease.
Method: To collect data, 60 AMCI patients, 62 patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, and 63 cognitively healthy individuals were assessed using Wechsler Memory Scale-III Faces test (WMS-III faces) and Famous Faces test.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that the patients suffering from AMCI and Alzheimer’s disease scored significantly worse than the control group on naming (p < 0.001), recognition (p < 0.001) section of the Famous Faces test, and immediate or delayed recognition on the WMS-III Faces test (p < 0.001). Also, the obtained results showed that the patients groups received lower scores on WMS-III Faces compared to the Famous Faces test.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the unfamiliar and Famous Faces tests allow the quantification of patients’ face recognition and name recall abilities which, in turn, makes it possible to make more accurate predictions about cases of dementia. These tests can be used for clinical and research purposes to screen those who may be prone to dementia and need further neuropsychological assessment.
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2. Nguyen V, Gillen DL, Dick MB. Memory for unfamiliar faces differentiates mild cognitive impairment from normal aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2014; 36(6): 607-20.
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4. Estudillo AJ. Facial Memory: The Role of the Pre-Existing Knowledge in Face Processing and Recognition. Europe's Journal of Psychology. 2012; 8(2): 231–44.
5. Tak SH, Hong SH. Face-name memory in Alzheimer’s disease. Geriatr Nurs. 2014; 35(4):290-4.
6. Donix M, Petrowski K, Jurjanz L, Huebner T, Herold U, Baeumler D, et al. Age and the neural network of personal familiarity. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15790.
7. Leveroni CL, Seidenberg M, Mayer AR, Mead LA, Binder JR, Rao SM. Neural systems underlying the recognition of familiar and newly learned faces. J Neurosci. 2000; 20(2):878-86.
8. Gordon LT, Soldan A, Thomas, AK, Stern Y. Effect of repetition lag on priming of unfamiliar visual objects in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging. 2013; 28(1): 219–31.
9. Brooks LG, Loewenstein DA. Assessing the progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease: current trends and future directions. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2010; 2(5):28.
10. Clague F, Graham KS, Thompson SA, Hodges JR. Is knowledge of famous people compromised in mild cognitive impairment? Cog Behav Neurol. 2011; 24(3): 134-44.
11. Csukly G, Siraly E, Fodor Z, Horvath A, Salacz P, Hidasi Z, et al. The differentiation of amnestic type MCI from the non-amnestic types by structural MRI. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016; 30;8:52
12. Nestor PJ, Scheltens P, Hodges JR. Advances in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease Nat Med. 2004;10 Suppl:S34-41.
13. Joubert S, Mauries S, Barbeau E, Ceccaldi M, Poncet, M. The role of context in remembering familiar persons: Insights from semantic dementia. Brain and Cognition. 2004; 55(2): 254–61.
14. Ahmed S, Arnold R, Thompson, SA, Graham KS, Hodges JR. Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment. Cortex. 2008; 44(6): 746 – 52.
15. Troyer AK, Murphy KJ, Anderson ND, Craik FIM, Moscovitch M, Maione A, Gao F. Associative recognition in mild cognitive impairment: Relationship to hippocampal volume and apolipoprotein E. Neuropsychologia. 2012; 50(14): 3721–8.
16. Joubert S, Felician O, Barbeau EJ, Didic M, Poncet M, Ceccaldi M. Patterns of semantic memory impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Behavioural Neurology. 2008; 19(1-2): 35–40.
17. Gustavson DE, Sanderson-Cimino M, Elman JA, Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Jak AJ, et al. Multiple memory tests in midlife improve prediction of mild cognitive impairment. bioRxiv preprint first posted online. 2019;1-24.
18. Rahmani F, Haghshenas H, Mehrabanpour A, Mani A, Mahmoodi M. Shiraz Verbal Learning Test (SVLT): Normative data for neurologically intact speakers of Persian. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2017; 32: 598–609.
19. Foroughan M, Jafari Z, Shirin BP, Faraahani GM, Rahgozar M. Validation of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the elderly population of Tehran [In Persian]. Adv Cogn Sci. 2008; 2(38): 29-37.
20. Greene JDW, Hodges, JR. Identification of famous faces and famous names in early Alzheimer's disease: Relationship to anterograde episodic and general semantic memory. Brain. 1996; 119(1): 111-28.
21. Viskontas IV, McAndrews MP, Moscovitch M. Memory for famous people in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and excisions. Neuropsychology. 2002; 16(4) 472–80.
22. Hampstead BM, Sathian K, Moore AB, Nalisnick C, Stringer AY. Explicit memory training leads to improved memory for face–name pairs in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Results of a pilot investigation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008; 14(5):883-9.
23. Plancher G, Guyard A, Nicolas S, Piolino P. Mechanisms underlying the production of false memories for famous people’s names in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia. 2009; 47(12): 2527–36.
24. Gefen T, Wieneke C, Martersteck A, Whitney K, Weintraub S, Mesulam M, et al. Naming vs knowing faces in primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2013; 81(7):658-64.
25. Rendell PG, Castel AD. Memory for proper names in old age: A disproportionate impairment? The Q J Exp Psychol A. 2005; 58(1):54-71.
26. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270-9.
27. Gronholm P, Rinne JO, Vorobyev VA, Laine M. Neural correlates of naming newly learned objects in MCI. Neuropsychologia. 2007; 45(10):2355-68.
28. Dewar BK, Patterson K, Wilson BA, Graham KS. Re-acquisition of person knowledge in semantic memory disorders. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2009;19(3):383-421.
29. Irish M, Lawlor BA, Coen RF, O’Mara SM. Everyday episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary investigation. BMC Neurosci. 2011;12:80.
30. Dudas RB, Clague F, Thompson SA, Graham KS, Hodges JR. Episodic and semantic memory in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia. 2005; 43(9):1266-76.
31. Snowden JS, Thompson JC, Neary D. Knowledge of famous faces and names in semantic dementia. Brain. 2004; 127(Pt 4):860-72.
32. Ralph MAL, Ehsan S, Baker GA, Rogers TT. Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 1):242-58.
33. Zimmermann FGS, Eimer M. The activation of visual memory for facial identity is task-dependent: Evidence from human electrophysiology. Cortex: 2014; 54: 124-34.
2. Nguyen V, Gillen DL, Dick MB. Memory for unfamiliar faces differentiates mild cognitive impairment from normal aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2014; 36(6): 607-20.
3. Veres-Injac B, Persike M. Recognition of briefly presented familiar and unfamiliar faces. Psihologija. 2009; 42(1): 47-66.
4. Estudillo AJ. Facial Memory: The Role of the Pre-Existing Knowledge in Face Processing and Recognition. Europe's Journal of Psychology. 2012; 8(2): 231–44.
5. Tak SH, Hong SH. Face-name memory in Alzheimer’s disease. Geriatr Nurs. 2014; 35(4):290-4.
6. Donix M, Petrowski K, Jurjanz L, Huebner T, Herold U, Baeumler D, et al. Age and the neural network of personal familiarity. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15790.
7. Leveroni CL, Seidenberg M, Mayer AR, Mead LA, Binder JR, Rao SM. Neural systems underlying the recognition of familiar and newly learned faces. J Neurosci. 2000; 20(2):878-86.
8. Gordon LT, Soldan A, Thomas, AK, Stern Y. Effect of repetition lag on priming of unfamiliar visual objects in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging. 2013; 28(1): 219–31.
9. Brooks LG, Loewenstein DA. Assessing the progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease: current trends and future directions. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2010; 2(5):28.
10. Clague F, Graham KS, Thompson SA, Hodges JR. Is knowledge of famous people compromised in mild cognitive impairment? Cog Behav Neurol. 2011; 24(3): 134-44.
11. Csukly G, Siraly E, Fodor Z, Horvath A, Salacz P, Hidasi Z, et al. The differentiation of amnestic type MCI from the non-amnestic types by structural MRI. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016; 30;8:52
12. Nestor PJ, Scheltens P, Hodges JR. Advances in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease Nat Med. 2004;10 Suppl:S34-41.
13. Joubert S, Mauries S, Barbeau E, Ceccaldi M, Poncet, M. The role of context in remembering familiar persons: Insights from semantic dementia. Brain and Cognition. 2004; 55(2): 254–61.
14. Ahmed S, Arnold R, Thompson, SA, Graham KS, Hodges JR. Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment. Cortex. 2008; 44(6): 746 – 52.
15. Troyer AK, Murphy KJ, Anderson ND, Craik FIM, Moscovitch M, Maione A, Gao F. Associative recognition in mild cognitive impairment: Relationship to hippocampal volume and apolipoprotein E. Neuropsychologia. 2012; 50(14): 3721–8.
16. Joubert S, Felician O, Barbeau EJ, Didic M, Poncet M, Ceccaldi M. Patterns of semantic memory impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Behavioural Neurology. 2008; 19(1-2): 35–40.
17. Gustavson DE, Sanderson-Cimino M, Elman JA, Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Jak AJ, et al. Multiple memory tests in midlife improve prediction of mild cognitive impairment. bioRxiv preprint first posted online. 2019;1-24.
18. Rahmani F, Haghshenas H, Mehrabanpour A, Mani A, Mahmoodi M. Shiraz Verbal Learning Test (SVLT): Normative data for neurologically intact speakers of Persian. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2017; 32: 598–609.
19. Foroughan M, Jafari Z, Shirin BP, Faraahani GM, Rahgozar M. Validation of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the elderly population of Tehran [In Persian]. Adv Cogn Sci. 2008; 2(38): 29-37.
20. Greene JDW, Hodges, JR. Identification of famous faces and famous names in early Alzheimer's disease: Relationship to anterograde episodic and general semantic memory. Brain. 1996; 119(1): 111-28.
21. Viskontas IV, McAndrews MP, Moscovitch M. Memory for famous people in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and excisions. Neuropsychology. 2002; 16(4) 472–80.
22. Hampstead BM, Sathian K, Moore AB, Nalisnick C, Stringer AY. Explicit memory training leads to improved memory for face–name pairs in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Results of a pilot investigation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008; 14(5):883-9.
23. Plancher G, Guyard A, Nicolas S, Piolino P. Mechanisms underlying the production of false memories for famous people’s names in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia. 2009; 47(12): 2527–36.
24. Gefen T, Wieneke C, Martersteck A, Whitney K, Weintraub S, Mesulam M, et al. Naming vs knowing faces in primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2013; 81(7):658-64.
25. Rendell PG, Castel AD. Memory for proper names in old age: A disproportionate impairment? The Q J Exp Psychol A. 2005; 58(1):54-71.
26. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270-9.
27. Gronholm P, Rinne JO, Vorobyev VA, Laine M. Neural correlates of naming newly learned objects in MCI. Neuropsychologia. 2007; 45(10):2355-68.
28. Dewar BK, Patterson K, Wilson BA, Graham KS. Re-acquisition of person knowledge in semantic memory disorders. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2009;19(3):383-421.
29. Irish M, Lawlor BA, Coen RF, O’Mara SM. Everyday episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary investigation. BMC Neurosci. 2011;12:80.
30. Dudas RB, Clague F, Thompson SA, Graham KS, Hodges JR. Episodic and semantic memory in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia. 2005; 43(9):1266-76.
31. Snowden JS, Thompson JC, Neary D. Knowledge of famous faces and names in semantic dementia. Brain. 2004; 127(Pt 4):860-72.
32. Ralph MAL, Ehsan S, Baker GA, Rogers TT. Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 1):242-58.
33. Zimmermann FGS, Eimer M. The activation of visual memory for facial identity is task-dependent: Evidence from human electrophysiology. Cortex: 2014; 54: 124-34.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 3 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v14i3.1330 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease Amnesia Face Recognition Famous Faces | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Rahmani F, Fathi M, Kazemi M, Bahadori E. Recognition of Famous and Unfamiliar Faces among Patients Suffering from Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease. Iran J Psychiatry. 2019;14(3):227-235.
