Correlates of Process of Suicide Attempt and Perception of its Prevention
,
Abstract
Objective: Suicide attempt may follow a process right from the inception of the first information about suicide until the act itself. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between perception of suicide prevention with the process of suicide attempt and demographic variables following a suicidal attempt.
Method: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 168 consecutive admitted participants with a suicide attempt were screened, and 109 who met the study criteria were recruited to participate in this study before discharge. They were assessed using the socio-demographic and clinical proforma designed for this study as well as by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. To assess the process of suicide attempt and perception of suicide prevention, a 17- item questionnaire was developed and used after rigorous literature search. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value of this questionnaire found to be 0.84 in the reliability analysis.
Results: Media was the first source of information, and the majority had short duration of preoccupation and interval between making the decision and the actual attempt and the control of emotion during the attempt. A significant positive correlation was observed between the source of the first information and age (p<01), reason for the method used and economic status (p<01), duration since the first information and family history of suicide (p<01). Psychiatric diagnosis had a statistically significant association with the method used (p<01), duration of preoccupation (p<01), preparedness (p<01) and emotional state during the attempt (p<01). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the source of the first information and education (p<01), any psychiatric diagnosis and duration since the first death wish (p<01). On the score of perception about suicide prevention, a significant group difference was observed for marital status, occupation, medical diagnosis, opinion about an attempt, duration since the decision to attempt, and emotional control during the attempt.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that perception of suicide prevention may vary with the process of suicide attempts and demographic characteristics.
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A. A global perspective in the epidemiology of suicide. Suicidologi 2015; 7: 6-8.
Amsel L, Mann JJ. Suicide risk assessment and the suicidal process approach. In: Van Heeringen K (eds). Understanding Suicidal Behavior: The Suicidal Process Approach to Research, Treatment and Prevention. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Appleby, L; 2000: 163–181.
Oravecz R, Moore MM. Recognition of suicide risk according to the characteristics of the suicide process. Death studies 2006; 30: 269-279.
Wasserman D, Tran Thi Thanh H, Pham Thi Minh D, Goldstein M, Nordenskiold A , Wasserman C. Suicidal process, suicidal communication and psychosocial situation of young suicide attempters in a rural Vietnamese community. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) 2008; 7: 47-53.
Runeson BS, Beskow J, Waern M. The suicidal process in suicides among young people. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 1996; 93: 35-42.
Thompson AH, Dewa CS, Phare S. The suicidal process: age of onset and severity of suicidal behaviour. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 2012; 47: 1263-1269.
Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. Jama 2005; 294: 2064-2074.
Pierce DW. Suicidal intent in self-injury. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science 1977; 130: 377-385.
Narasimhamurthy N. New Media and New Culture: The Dependency of Indian Online Community. J Humanities Soc Sci. 2014 Oct; 19: 42-49.
Dominick JR. The Dynamics of Mass Communication: Media in the Digital Age. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill 2005.
Chandra PS, Doraiswamy P, Padmanabh A, Philip M. Do newspaper reports of suicides comply with standard suicide reporting guidelines? A study from Bangalore, India. The International journal of social psychiatry 2014; 60: 687-694.
Simon OR, Swann AC, Powell KE, Potter LB, Kresnow MJ , O'Carroll PW. Characteristics of impulsive suicide attempts and attempters. Suicide & life-threatening behavior 2001; 32: 49-59.
Chapman AL, Dixon-Gordon KL. Emotional antecedents and consequences of deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts. Suicide & life-threatening behavior 2007; 37: 543-552.
Evans JS. In two minds: dual-process accounts of reasoning. Trends in cognitive sciences 2003; 7: 454-459.
De Acedo Lizarraga MS, de Acedo Baquedano MS, Cardelle-Elawar M. Factors that affect decision making: gender and age differences. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2007; 7: 381-391.
Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall 1986.
Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB. Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981-1997. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160: 765-772.
Carmony TM, DiGiuseppe R. Cognitive induction of anger and depression: The role of power, attribution, and gender. Journal of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy 2003; 21: 105-118.
Mann JJ, Waternaux C, Haas GL , Malone KM. Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. The American journal of psychiatry 1999; 156: 181-189.
Arango V, Underwood MD, Gubbi AV, Mann JJ. Localized alterations in pre- and postsynaptic serotonin binding sites in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of suicide victims. Brain research 1995; 688: 121-133.
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A. Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a worldwide perspective. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) 2002; 1: 181-185.
Orbach I, Bar-Joseph H, Dror N. Styles of problem solving in suicidal individuals. Suicide & life-threatening behavior 1990; 20: 56-64.
Baumeister RF. Esteem threat, self-regulatory breakdown, and emotional distress as factors in self-defeating behavior. Review of General Psychology 1997; 1: 145-174.
Anestis MD, Joiner TE. Examining the role of emotion in suicidality: negative urgency as an amplifier of the relationship between components of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior and lifetime number of suicide attempts. Journal of affective disorders 2011; 129: 261-269.
Ram D, Darshan MS, Rao TS, Honagodu AR. Suicide prevention is possible: A perception after suicide attempt. Indian journal of psychiatry 2012; 54: 172-176.
Mayer P, Ziaian T. Indian suicide and marriage: A research note. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 2002: 297-305.
Mohanty S, Sahu G, Mohanty MK, Patnaik M. Suicide in India: a four year retrospective study. Journal of forensic and legal medicine 2007; 14: 185-189.
Druss B, Pincus H. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in general medical illnesses. Archives of internal medicine 2000; 160: 1522-1526.
Baca-Garcia E, Diaz-Sastre C, Garcia Resa E, Blasco H, Braquehais Conesa D, Oquendo MA, et al. Suicide attempts and impulsivity. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 2005; 255: 152-156.
Baumeister RF. Suicide as escape from self. Psychological review 1990; 97: 90-113.
Anestis MD, Joiner TE. Examining the role of emotion in suicidality: negative urgency as an amplifier of the relationship between components of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior and lifetime number of suicide attempts. Journal of affective disorders 2011; 129: 261-269.
Greenberg J, Meiran N. The role of emotional engagement and mood valence in retrieval fluency of mood incongruent autobiographical memory. Frontiers in psychology 2014; 5: 83.
Hjelmeland H, Knizek BL. The general public's views on suicide and suicide prevention, and their perception of participating in a study on attitudes towards suicide. Archives of suicide research: official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research 2004; 8: 345-359.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 3 (2016) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Correlation Process of Suicide Attempt Perception of Suicide Prevention | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
