Suicide in Iran: The Facts and the Figures from Nationwide Reports
Abstract
Objective: Data on national rates of suicide is limited in Iran, preventing an action plan for health scope of suicide prevention. The current brief study was conducted to review available national published data on suicide and to interpret the probable discrepancies.
Method: We evaluated all 20-year recent published original articles on committed suicides searching Iranian scientific databases, PubMed, and Google Scholar with the keywords of suicide, mortality, and Iran.
Results: Articles showed an overall increased trend of suicidal deaths in Iran. Discrepancies existed regarding suicide rate and demographic characteristics among 9 English and Persian published articles. Although a suicide rate of 6.2 per 100 000 was reported in 2003, almost 31 times greater than 1991, an average suicide rate of 9.9 per 100 000 was calculated based on data interpretations.
Conclusion: Apparently, Iran has had the highest increase in suicide-related deaths among Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and Islamic countries during the recent decades. National policies to prevent suicide have not been efficient enough, and urgent intervention is needed.
Kiadaliri AA, Saadat S, Shahnavazi H, Haghparast-Bidgoli H. Overall, gender and social inequalities in suicide mortality in Iran, 2006-2010: a time trend province-level study. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e005227.
Moradi S, Khademi A. Evaluation of suicides resulting in death in Iran, comparing with the world rates. Legal Medicine. 2002; 8 (27):16-21 [In Persian].
Shojaei A, Shamsiani H, Moradi S, Alaeddini F, Khademi A. Evaluation of suspicious suicidal deaths referred to legal medicine organization during 2010 and comparing with the world rates. Legal Medicine. 2012; 18: 5-17 [In Persian].
Saberi-Zafaghandi MB, Hajebi A, Eskandarieh S, Ahmadzad-Asl M. Epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide derived from the health system database in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 2001-2007. East Mediterr Health J 2012; 18: 836-841.
Hajebi A, Ahmadzad-Asl M, Ershadi M, Nikfarjam A, Davoudi F. National registration system of suicide behaviors in Iran: barriers and challenges. Arch Suicide Res 2013; 17: 416-425.
Akbari ME, Naghavi M, Soori H. Epidemiology of deaths from injuries in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2006; 12: 382-390.
Shirazi HR, Hosseini M, Zoladl M, Malekzadeh M, Momeninejad M, Noorian K, et al. Suicide in the Islamic Republic of Iran: an integrated analysis from 1981 to 2007. East Mediterr Health J 2012; 18: 607-613.
Rezaeian M. Comparing the Statistics of Iranian Ministry of Health with Data of Iranian Statistical Center Regarding Recorded Suicidal Cases in Iran. J Health Syst Res. 2013;8(7): 1190-1196. [In Persian].
Sharif-Alhoseini M, Rasouli MR, Saadat S, Haddadi M, Gooya MM, Afsari M, et al. Suicide attempts and suicide in Iran: results of national hospital surveillance data. Public Health 2012; 126: 990-992.
Khademi A, Moradi S. Statistical evaluation of unnatural death in Iran (2001-2010), Second edition 2014, Legal Medicine Research Center, Tehran. [In Persian].
Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Zamani N, Rahimi M, Shadnia S, Pajoumand A, Sarjami S. Acute adult and adolescent poisoning in Tehran, Iran; the epidemiologic trend between 2006 and 2011. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17: 534-538.
Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Pajoumand A. A One-Year Epidemiological Study of Acute poisoning among Adults and Adolescents Admitted to Loghman Hospital, Tehran between 2005 and 2006. Pajouhandeh Journal. 2007; 12: 169–176. [In Persian].
Shooshtary MH, Malakouti SK, Bolhari J, Nojomi M, Poshtmashhadi M, Amin SA, et al. Community study of suicidal behaviors and risk factors among Iranian adults. Arch Suicide Res 2008; 12: 141-147.
USA suicide 2006 Official final data: JL McIntosh for the American Association of Suicidology 2009. Many figures there taken from Reducing suicide: a national imperative, Goldsmith SK, Pellmar TC, Kleinman AM, Bunney WE, editors.
World Health Organization, SUPRE division, Live your Life flyer: http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/en/SUPRE_flyer1.pdf.
Grunbaum JA, Kann L, Kinchen SA, Williams B, Ross JG, Lowry R, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2001. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2002; 51: 1-62.
Lester D. Suicide and islam. Arch Suicide Res 2006; 10: 77-97.
Mishara BL, Weisstub DN. The legal status of suicide: A global review. Int J Law Psychiatry 2016; 44: 54-74.
Shojaei A, Moradi S, Alaeddini F, Khodadoost M, Abdizadeh A, Khademi A. Evaluating the temporal trend of completed suicides referred to the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization during 2006-2010. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 39: 104-108.
Files | ||
Issue | Vol 12 No 1 (2017) | |
Section | Short Communication(s) | |
Keywords | ||
Death Epidemiology Iran Suicide Violence |
Rights and permissions | |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |